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Jeanne Calment

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Jeanne Louise Calment was a French supercentenarian who lived an exceptionally long life.

Jeanne Calment age 20
Jeanne Calment age 20

A supercentenarian is a person who lives past the age of 110. Calment is famous because she is the oldest person in history with a verified age. She lived for 122 years and 164 days. This makes her the only person ever documented to have reached the age of 120. Her extreme longevity has made her a major subject of interest for medical researchers. Scientists study her life to understand how humans can live so long.

Calment was born on February 21, 1875, in Arles, France.

Acte de naissance de Jeanne Calment
Acte de naissance de Jeanne Calment

Her family history suggests that long life might have been common for her. Her father, Nicolas, lived to be 93 years old. Her brother, François, lived to be 97. Even her mother, Marguerite, lived to the age of 86. During her childhood, Jeanne attended school in Arles and learned to play the piano. As an adult, she married Fernand Calment in 1896. They lived in a large apartment above his family's drapery business.

Yvonne Calment
Yvonne Calment

Jeanne led an active and social life. She participated in many hobbies, including fencing, cycling, tennis, and swimming. In the summer, she enjoyed mountaineering on glaciers. She also hunted rabbits and wild boars in the hills of Provence.

Jeanne's life was marked by many significant family changes. She had one daughter, Yvonne Marie Nicolle Calment, born in 1898. Yvonne died of pleurisy in 1934 at the age of 36. After Yvonne's death, Jeanne helped raise her grandson, Frédéric. Her husband, Fernand, died in 1942 at the age of 73. In 1965, when she was 90, Jeanne entered a life estate contract for her apartment. She sold the property for a monthly revenue of 2,500 francs. This arrangement allowed her to live in the apartment until her death. She eventually moved into a nursing home in 1985 at the age of 110.

Because her age was so unusual, researchers had to perform a careful verification process. In 1995, when she turned 120, experts began a full year of investigation. They looked for a continuous chain of evidence to prove her birth date. They found fourteen different census records that listed her from 1876 to 1975. Researchers also interviewed her about specific details from her past. She could name old teachers and maids from her childhood. This helped prove that her memories matched the official records. Her family's status in the local Catholic bourgeoisie helped experts find more documents.

Yvonne Calment
Yvonne Calment

Calment's life also intersected with famous historical moments. When she was a young teenager, the artist Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles. Jeanne claimed she met him at her uncle's fabric shop. She described him as a disagreeable person who smelled of alcohol. She also lived through both World War I and World War II. During the second war, she noted that German soldiers stayed in her rooms but did not take her belongings. These connections to history show just how much the world changed during her long life.

Despite the evidence, some people have questioned if her age was real. In 2018, some researchers suggested an identity switch occurred. They hypothesized that her daughter, Yvonne, might have assumed Jeanne's identity in 1934. They argued that Jeanne looked younger than her daughter in some photographs. However, most mainstream experts, like gerontologist Jean-Marie Robine, have dismissed this idea. They pointed out that Jeanne knew personal details that only the real Jeanne could know. Other scientists also noted that similar aging patterns are common in families with many centenarians. They used official documents and census data to support her true age.

Jeanne Calment remains a unique figure in the study of human biology. Her lifespan was more than three years longer than the next oldest verified person. This gap is much larger than the usual difference of months or weeks seen in other records. For nearly thirty years, she has held the record for the oldest human being ever validated. Her life provides a rare look at the limits of human longevity. Even though some controversy remains, her documented history is considered the best-documented case of a supercentenarian in the world.

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File:Acte de naissance de Jeanne Calment.png
Acte de naissance de Jeanne Calment.png
File:Jeanne Calment age 20.jpg
Jeanne Calment age 20.jpg
File:Yvonne Calment.jpg
Yvonne Calment.jpg
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