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Irbid

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Irbid is a major city located in northern Jordan. It serves as the capital of the Irbid Governorate. The city sits on a fertile plateau on the northern ridge of the Gilead. It is a vital transportation hub for the region. Irbid connects the capital, Amman, to the Syrian border in the north. It also provides a link to Mafraq in the east. The city is the economic center of northern Jordan. It is the second-largest metropolitan area in the country. The greater Irbid municipality has a population of about 2,050,300 people.

YUPanorama
YUPanorama

The history of Irbid stretches back thousands of years. Excavations at Tell Irbid show continuous occupation since the Early Bronze Age. Archaeologists found pottery and wall stones dating to around 3200 BC.

Irbid Archeolog.Museum
Irbid Archeolog.Museum

In ancient times, the city was known as Arabella or Arbela. It was part of the Decapolis, a Hellenistic league of cities. During this era, the region was famous for producing high-quality wines. This was possible because the soil was extremely fertile and the climate was moderate. The name Arabella appears on civic bronze coins from the first century BC. Later, the city transitioned to producing olive oil and wheat. This shift occurred after the Early Muslim conquests in 634.

Irbid Archeolog.Museum
Irbid Archeolog.Museum

The city has undergone many administrative changes over time. The greater Irbid Municipality was established in 1881 during the Ottoman era. This makes it the oldest municipality in Jordan. In 1596, Ottoman tax registers recorded Irbid as part of the Hauran Sanjak. At that time, the area had 72 Muslim households. These villagers paid a 25% tax rate on products like wheat, barley, and fruit trees. The population grew significantly after the British created the Transjordan region. Recent population peaks occurred in 1948, 1967, and 2011. These increases were linked to refugee crises in neighboring countries.

كنائس مدينة اربد
كنائس مدينة اربد

Irbid is a major center for higher education in Jordan. The city is home to several large universities and colleges. These include Yarmouk University and the Jordan University of Science and Technology.

Reservoir (Jordan University of Science and Technology)
Reservoir (Jordan University of Science and Technology)

Other institutions include Irbid National University and Jadara University. There are also campuses for Balqa Applied University. In 2007, there were 70,000 registered students in these institutions. This includes 8,000 international students from 47 different countries. This high concentration of students helps shape the city's identity.

YUPanorama
YUPanorama

The economy of Irbid is heavily based on the services sector. This sector is closely linked to the many universities in the area. For example, the city contains 26 book publishing companies. Irbid also holds a place in the Guinness Book of World Records. It has the highest number of internet cafes per capita in the world. For shopping and leisure, the city has modern centers. The Irbid City Centre is the largest mall in northern Jordan. Another popular spot is the Arabella Mall in the downtown area.

Irbid mall big
Irbid mall big
Irbid mall big
Irbid mall big

Healthcare is another important part of the city's infrastructure. Irbid is known for having many large hospitals. One of the most significant is King Abdullah University Hospital.

AymxKAUH1
AymxKAUH1

Other major facilities include the Al-Najah Hospital and the Al-Qawasmi Hospital. The city's geography also makes it a useful base for tourism. It is a convenient starting point for visiting the northern Jordan Valley. Travelers use Irbid to reach historical sites like Umm Qais, Pella, and Ajloun. The city serves as a gateway to these ancient locations.

AymxKAUH1
AymxKAUH1

The city covers a total area of 30 square kilometers. Most of this land, about 74.3%, is used for residential purposes. Services occupy 9.5% of the area. Commercial areas make up 4.2%, while industrial areas cover 3.3%. Only 1% of the city is classified as gardens. The climate in Irbid is a hot-summer Mediterranean climate. This means summers are hot during the day with warm nights. Winters are typically cool and wet. On average, the city sees two snowy days during the winter season.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Irbid Archeolog.Museum.JPG
Irbid Archeolog.Museum.JPG
File:كنائس مدينة اربد.jpg
كنائس مدينة اربد.jpg
File:AymxKAUH1.JPG
AymxKAUH1.JPG
File:YUPanorama.jpg
YUPanorama.jpg
File:Reservoir (Jordan University of Science and Technology).jpg
Reservoir (Jordan University of Science...
File:Irbid mall big.jpg
Irbid mall big.jpg
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