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Indus (constellation)

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Indus is a constellation located in the southern sky. Its name translates to "the Indian" in English. It is an elongated shape that stretches from north to south. While it sits well south of the Tropic of Capricorn, its triangular shape is visible from the Equator for most of the year. This constellation has a complex boundary. It does not contain any of the 100 brightest stars in the sky. Instead, its most prominent stars are slightly dimmer.

Constellation Indus
Constellation Indus

The stars in Indus form several interesting patterns. The three brightest stars are Alpha Indi, Beta Indi, and Delta Indi. Alpha Indi is an orange giant with a magnitude of 3.1. It is located 101 light-years away from Earth. Beta Indi is another orange giant with a magnitude of 3.7. It is much further away at 600 light-years. Delta Indi is a white star with a magnitude of 4.4. It sits 185 light-years from Earth. These three stars create a near-perfect right-angled triangle. Beta Indi marks the right angle in the south-east.

Johann Bayer - Uraniometria - Southern Birds
Johann Bayer - Uraniometria - Southern Birds

Other stars in the constellation offer unique scientific data. Epsilon Indi is one of the closest stars to our solar system. It is an orange dwarf located approximately 11.8 light-years away. This star is slightly smaller and cooler than our yellow dwarf Sun. It contains a pair of binary brown dwarfs. Because of this, it is a prime candidate for SETI studies, which is the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. Epsilon Indi also has a very high proper motion. This means it moves quickly across our sky. It currently ranks ninth in proper motion among visible stars. It will move into the Tucana constellation around the year 2640.

Indus also features binary and variable stars. Theta Indi is a bright binary star system. This means it consists of two stars orbiting each other. It is located 97 light-years away. The primary star is white with a magnitude of 4.5. The secondary star is white with a magnitude of 7.0. Small amateur telescopes can see these two stars separately. T Indi is the only bright variable star in this constellation. A variable star is one that changes in brightness. T Indi is a deeply colored red giant. It is 1900 light-years away and has a period of 11 months.

NGC7038 - HST - Potw2245a
NGC7038 - HST - Potw2245a

The history of Indus began with European explorers. It was first professionally surveyed in the 1590s. Petrus Plancius mapped the constellation on a globe by early 1598. He used observations made by Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman. Plancius depicted the figure as a nude male. He showed him holding three arrows in one hand and one arrow in the other. He did not include a bow or a quiver. In 1603, Johann Bayer included the constellation in his sky atlas, Uranometria. Over time, star names have changed. In 1879, Benjamin Gould renamed Nu Indi to Nu Microscopii. This happened because the star was actually part of the Microscopium constellation.

Beyond individual stars, Indus contains vast galaxies. You can find NGC 7038, NGC 7049, and NGC 7090 in this region. There is also a dwarf irregular galaxy called IC 5152. It lies about 5.5 million light-years away. This galaxy is at the edge of the Local Group.

NGC7038 - HST - Potw2245a
NGC7038 - HST - Potw2245a

In 2015, a massive event was recorded in the galaxy NGC 7038. The All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae detected a superluminous supernova. This event was named ASASSN-15lh. A team from Peking University studied this explosion. They found it was approximately twice as luminous as any other detected supernova. At its peak, it was almost 50 times more intrinsically luminous than the Milky Way. This event occurred about 3.82 gigalight-years away. This distance means the light traveled for a time roughly half the age of the universe.

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File:Constellation Indus.jpg
Constellation Indus.jpg
File:NGC7038 - HST - Potw2245a.jpg
NGC7038 - HST - Potw2245a.jpg
File:Johann Bayer - Uraniometria - Southern Birds.jpg
Johann Bayer - Uraniometria - Southern Birds.jpg
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