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Hooded crow

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The hooded crow, known scientifically as Corvus cornix, is a distinctive Eurasian bird.

Kråka (Corvus corone) - Ystad-2023
Kråka (Corvus corone) - Ystad-2023

It belongs to the genus Corvus, which includes ravens and other crows. This bird is easily recognized by its two-tone plumage. Most of its body is covered in ash-grey feathers. However, its head, throat, wings, tail, and thighs are a glossy black.

Flying Crow
Flying Crow

Its bill, eyes, and feet are also black. This bird is an omnivorous scavenger. This means it eats a wide variety of foods and often searches for leftovers. It is a highly adaptable species found across Northern, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, as well as parts of the Middle East.

Understanding how these birds function requires looking at their biology and behavior. The hooded crow is an opportunistic feeder, meaning it takes advantage of whatever food is available. It often uses clever methods to access meals. For example, it will drop mollusks or crabs onto hard surfaces to break their shells.

This behavior is similar to that of the carrion crow. They are also known to steal eggs from the nests of birds like gulls or puffins. To prepare for later, they often hide food like meat or nuts in rain gutters or under bushes. Interestingly, other crows often watch this process. They wait for the first crow to leave so they can steal the hidden treasure.

There are several distinct subspecies of the hooded crow.

Corvus cornix capellanus, Baghdad, Iraq 1
Corvus cornix capellanus, Baghdad, Iraq 1

The most common is C. c. cornix, which lives in Ireland, Scotland, and much of Europe. Another subspecies, C. c. sharpii, is a paler grey form found from western Siberia to Iran. In the Middle East, the smallest subspecies is C. c. pallescens, found near Cyprus and Egypt. A very unique form, C. c. capellanus, lives in Iraq and southwestern Iran. This bird has very pale grey feathers that look almost white from a distance. Some scientists believe this specific group might even be a separate species entirely.

The history of how we classify these birds is quite complex. Carl Linnaeus first described the bird in 1758 in his work, Systema Naturae. He gave it the name Corvus cornix. For many years, scientists debated if it was a separate species from the all-black carrion crow. In 2002, the British Ornithologists' Union classified it as its own species. However, in 2025, the global AviBase re-classified them. They decided that the hooded crow and the carrion crow are actually the same species. Under this new system, the birds are divided into six subspecies: four are grey-and-black, and two are all-black.

Genetic research explains why these birds look so different. Scientists sequenced the genomes of both the hooded and carrion crows. They found the two groups are nearly genetically identical in their DNA. The main difference is a very small part of the genome. Specifically, the hooded crow lacks the expression of less than 0.28% of the genome on avian chromosome 18. This tiny genetic difference is what causes the lighter plumage on its torso.

Despite these differences, the birds can still mate with each other. This is called assortative mating, where the birds mostly choose mates that look like themselves.

In terms of size and life, the hooded crow is a sturdy bird. Its wingspan is roughly 100 centimeters, and it weighs about 510 grams on average. Male hooded crows are generally larger than the females. They build large, bulky nests out of sticks in tall trees, cliffs, or even old buildings.

کلاغ پارک لاله
کلاغ پارک لاله

These nests often include seaweed, animal bones, or even wire. The female alone incubates the blue, brown-speckled eggs for about 17 to 19 days. While the lifespan of carrion crows is usually four years, the maximum recorded age for a hooded crow is over 16 years. This shows they can live quite long lives in the wild.

The hooded crow also holds a significant place in human culture and ecology. In Irish folklore, the bird is linked to powerful figures like the Morrígan. In the Scottish highlands, people once associated them with fairies.

Ecologically, they serve as hosts for the great spotted cuckoo in certain regions. They are also part of a massive population, with an estimated 14 to 34 million individuals in Europe alone. Because they are so widespread and successful, they are currently evaluated as a species of "least concern" by the IUCN Red List.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Corvus cornix capellanus, Baghdad, Iraq 1.jpg
Corvus cornix capellanus, Baghdad, Iraq 1.jpg
File:Distribution of carrion and hooded crows across Europe.jpg
Distribution of carrion and hooded crows...
File:Flying Crow.jpg
Flying Crow.jpg
File:کلاغ پارک لاله.jpg
کلاغ پارک لاله.jpg
File:Leucistic Hooded Crow at Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia 338022114.jpg
Leucistic Hooded Crow at Ufa,...
Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) cleans rain...
File:Kråka (Corvus corone) - Ystad-2023.jpg
Kråka (Corvus corone) - Ystad-2023.jpg
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