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Greensburg tornado

earth science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

On May 4, 2007, a violent tornado struck Greensburg, Kansas.

Kiowa County Kansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Greensburg Highlighted
Kiowa County Kansas Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Greensburg Highlighted

This event was part of a massive severe weather outbreak across the central United States. The storm was significant because it was the first tornado to be rated EF5 on the Enhanced Fujita scale. This scale was adopted in the United States on February 1, 2007, replacing the original Fujita scale. The tornado caused immense destruction, damaging or destroying 95% of the city.

Greensburg tornado damage 03
Greensburg tornado damage 03

It killed between 11 and 12 people and injured 63 others.

Tornadoes are a common occurrence in Kansas. The state experiences an average of 87 tornadoes every year. Kansas has the second-highest number of tornadoes in the country, trailing only Texas. This is because Kansas sits in the center of Tornado Alley. This region is where most U.S. tornadoes occur. Tornadoes form when cold, dry air from the Rocky Mountains meets warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. The cold air pushes under the warm air, creating an updraft. This rising air helps develop the intense thunderstorms that produce tornadoes.

The weather on May 4 began with supercell thunderstorms. These are very large, powerful storms. Intense supercells developed in the early evening hours across northwestern Oklahoma and southwestern Kansas. Around 7:30 p.m., a cluster of thunderstorms formed near the Oklahoma-Kansas border. By 8:45 p.m., storm spotters observed rotating wall clouds, which are cloud formations at the base of a thunderstorm. At 9:25 p.m., radar detected a hook echo in southern Kiowa County. A hook echo is a specific radar signature that often indicates a mesocyclone, or a rotating part of a thunderstorm.

The Greensburg tornado touched down at 9:03 p.m. south of the city.

It moved north and began to widen significantly. The storm grew into a broad, wedge-shaped tornado. As it approached Greensburg, the National Weather Service issued a tornado emergency at 9:41 p.m. This warned that a violent tornado was on a direct path for the city. The tornado also had several satellite tornadoes orbiting it. Researchers used mobile radar to find at least five of these smaller, accompanying tornadoes.

MWR-05XPVORTEX22009
MWR-05XPVORTEX22009

The impact on Greensburg was catastrophic. The tornado remained at EF4 intensity as it hit residential areas. It completely leveled a section of Delmer Day Elementary School.

Delmer Day Elementary tornado damage
Delmer Day Elementary tornado damage

Downtown Greensburg was also devastated. Many businesses, including the local grocery store and bank, were destroyed. The wind was so strong that it rolled or lofted 48 vehicles. Trees throughout the city were stripped of all their bark. In total, 961 homes and businesses were destroyed. Experts found that 53 homes actually slid off their brick foundations.

FEMA - 30070 - Greensburg High School tornado damage in Kansas
FEMA - 30070 - Greensburg High School tornado damage in Kansas

In the aftermath, the city faced $250 million in monetary losses. Kiowa County was declared a federal disaster area. However, the community chose to use this tragedy to transform itself. They implemented a Long-Term Community Recovery (LTCR) plan. The goal was to rebuild Greensburg as a "green town." This means using sustainable designs to help the environment. All new buildings were required to reach LEED platinum certification. This is the highest possible rating for energy-efficient design.

FEMA - 33067 - The landscape of Greensburg, Kansas in June
FEMA - 33067 - The landscape of Greensburg, Kansas in June

This rebuilding process led to several environmental milestones. The city installed wind turbines to provide power. The new Kiowa County Memorial Hospital became the first hospital in the United States to achieve carbon neutrality in 2010.

Kiowa County Memorial hospital damage
Kiowa County Memorial hospital damage

While the high cost of homes makes it difficult to attract new residents, the town has become a destination for eco-tourists. People visit to see the unique way the city was reconstructed.

Arts Center Greensburg, Kansas, Photo by Eric Ascalon
Arts Center Greensburg, Kansas, Photo by Eric Ascalon

The Greensburg story shows how a community can use a major disaster to build a more sustainable future.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
NWR audio Greensburg, Kansas tornado May...
File:Greensburg tornado damage 03.jpg
Greensburg tornado damage 03.jpg
File:Tornado warning for Greensburg, May 4, 2007.png
Tornado warning for Greensburg, May 4, 2007.png
File:FEMA - 33067 - The landscape of Greensburg, Kansas in June.jpg
FEMA - 33067 - The landscape of...
File:Arts Center Greensburg, Kansas, Photo by Eric Ascalon.jpg
Arts Center Greensburg, Kansas, Photo by...
File:Delmer Day Elementary tornado damage.png
Delmer Day Elementary tornado damage.png
File:FEMA - 30070 - Greensburg High School tornado damage in Kansas.jpg
FEMA - 30070 - Greensburg High School...
File:Kiowa County Memorial hospital damage.png
Kiowa County Memorial hospital damage.png
File:Greensburg wind speed map.png
Greensburg wind speed map.png
File:MWR-05XPVORTEX22009.jpg
MWR-05XPVORTEX22009.jpg
File:FEMA - 35035 - Temporary housing site in Greensburg.jpg
FEMA - 35035 - Temporary housing site in...
File:FEMA - 35032 - New home construction in Greensburg.jpg
FEMA - 35032 - New home construction in...

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