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Gary Kildall

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Gary Arlen Kildall was a pioneering American computer scientist and entrepreneur.

He played a vital role in the personal computer revolution. During the 1970s, he developed the CP/M operating system. An operating system is the essential software that manages computer hardware and software resources. Kildall also founded Digital Research, Inc. to market his various software products. His work helped transform microprocessors into fully capable, useful computers.

Kildall's technical achievements centered on how software interacts with hardware. In 1973, he and Kathryn Strutynski developed PL/M, a high-level programming language for microprocessors. They used this language to create CP/M. To make CP/M work across different machines, Kildall invented the BIOS, or Basic Input Output System. The BIOS is a set of simple programs stored in hardware like ROM or EPROM. This system acted as a bridge. It allowed the operating system to communicate with different types of disk storage and hardware variations without needing major modifications.

Kildall's career involved several distinct stages of software and business development. First, he focused on microcomputer operating systems like CP/M and the multitasking version, MP/M. Later, he moved into graphical user interfaces. In 1985, he oversaw the creation of the Graphics Environment Manager, known as GEM. He also explored educational tools by working on the Logo programming language. Finally, he ventured into storage technology. Through his company Activenture, he helped develop the first computer encyclopedia on a CD-ROM.

Kildall's journey began in Seattle, Washington. He grew up in a family that operated a seamanship school. His father, Joseph, was a captain of Norwegian heritage. Kildall pursued high-level education at the University of Washington. He earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1967 and a master's degree in Computer Science in 1968. He later completed his Ph.D. in Computer Science in 1972. During his studies, he also taught at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.

In the early 1980s, Kildall's company reached a massive scale. By 1981, CP/M was at the peak of its popularity. At this time, Digital Research was earning millions of dollars in yearly revenues. The software operated on many different computer models. However, the company faced a major turning point during negotiations with IBM. IBM wanted to purchase CP/M-86 for their upcoming personal computer. These negotiations failed to result in a deal between the two companies.

Gary kildall801lighthouse
Gary kildall801lighthouse

The failed IBM deal had lasting consequences for the industry. Instead of CP/M-86, IBM used an operating system called PC DOS. This system was much cheaper for consumers. CP/M-86 was priced at $240, which was six times more expensive than the $40 PC DOS. Because most software required DOS, CP/M-86 sold poorly. Kildall later believed that PC DOS infringed on his work. He argued that its first 26 system calls functioned exactly like those in CP/M. He felt the price difference was a way to marginalize his product.

Beyond his business ventures, Kildall was a public figure in technology. From 1983 to 1990, he co-hosted the PBS program Computer Chronicles. This weekly show discussed the latest developments in personal computing. He remained interested in complex systems until the end of his life. His final venture, Prometheus Light and Sound, worked on communication systems. This system integrated land-line telephones with mobile phones. He also explored computer animation, once demonstrating a spinning Coke bottle on a VAX 11/780 computer. His life reflected a constant search for elegance in software design.

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