Gallbladder

Your body has a small part called a gallbladder.

It is shaped like a pear. It sits under your liver.

The liver makes a liquid called bile. The gallbladder holds this liquid. It makes the liquid stronger. When you eat fats, the gallbladder squeezes. This sends the liquid to help you digest food. Sometimes, hard stones can form inside. These stones can cause pain.

Doctors can use surgery to remove it.

Your body has a small organ called a gallbladder.

It is shaped like a pear. It sits under your liver. The liver makes a liquid called bile. This liquid helps you digest fats in your food.

The bile flows into the gallbladder for storage. While it stays there, the gallbladder makes the bile stronger. It does this by taking out water.

When you eat food with fat, your body sends a signal. A part of your gut releases a chemical called cholecystokinin. This chemical tells the gallbladder to squeeze. The squeeze sends the bile through a tube called the common bile duct. The bile then enters the duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of your small intestine.

Sometimes, hard pieces called gallstones form inside. These stones are made of things like cholesterol. Stones can cause sharp pain in your belly. They can also cause inflammation, which is swelling. If the stones cause too much trouble, doctors may perform a cholecystectomy. This is a surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Your body has a small, pear-shaped organ called the gallbladder.

It is a hollow, grey-blue organ that sits in a shallow spot under your liver. This organ is very important for helping you digest the fats in your food. While the liver makes a liquid called bile, the gallbladder acts like a storage tank. It holds onto the bile until your body needs it.

This storage helps keep your digestive system ready for meals.

The way the gallbladder works is a step-by-step process. First, the liver produces bile and sends it through the hepatic duct. This bile enters the gallbladder to be stored. While it sits there, the gallbladder concentrates the bile. It does this by moving water and electrolytes out of the liquid. This makes the bile three to ten times stronger than when it first arrived.

When you eat fat, a chemical called cholecystokinin is released in your gut. This chemical tells the gallbladder to squeeze its muscular walls. The squeeze pushes the strong bile through the common bile duct and into the duodenum.

Scientists have studied how this organ develops before you are even born. The gallbladder starts as a small bump on the embryonic gut tube. During the second week of growth, the embryo begins to form the gastrointestinal tract. By the fourth week, the stomach rotates and the duodenum begins to grow. A small bump called the cystic diverticulum sprouts on the right side. This tiny bump eventually grows into the gallbladder we have as adults.

There are many interesting facts about the gallbladder's shape and size. In adults, it has a capacity of about 30 milliliters. The organ is divided into three main parts: the fundus, the body, and the neck. The fundus is the rounded base, while the neck tapers into a tube called the cystic duct.

Sometimes, people are born with different shapes. Some people might have two or even three gallbladders. Others might have a fold called a Phrygian cap. These changes are very rare but usually do not cause any problems.

Sometimes, the gallbladder can cause health issues like gallstones.

These stones are hard pieces made of cholesterol or bilirubin. If a stone blocks a duct, it can cause sharp pain in the upper right part of your belly. This can lead to inflammation, which is called cholecystitis. If stones cause too much trouble, doctors may perform a cholecystectomy. This is a surgery to remove the gallbladder entirely. Even without a gallbladder, your liver can still send bile directly to your intestines.

The gallbladder, also known as the cholecyst, is a small and vital organ in vertebrates.

It is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile. Bile is a liquid produced by the liver that is essential for the digestion of fats. By holding this liquid, the gallbladder ensures that the body has a concentrated supply ready when needed. This process helps the small intestine break down fats effectively during digestion.

The mechanism of the gallbladder involves several precise steps. First, the liver produces bile and sends it through the common hepatic duct. This bile enters the gallbladder to be stored. While inside, the gallbladder concentrates the bile by 3 to 10 times. It achieves this by actively transporting sodium and chloride ions across its epithelium. This movement creates osmotic pressure, which pulls water and other electrolytes out of the bile.

When fat enters the digestive tract, the duodenum and jejunum release a hormone called cholecystokinin (CCK). In response to CCK, the smooth muscle in the gallbladder wall contracts. This rhythmic contraction expels the concentrated bile through the cystic duct and into the common bile duct. The bile then enters the duodenum to emulsify fats.

The human gallbladder has a specific structure divided into three distinct sections. The fundus is the rounded base that faces the abdominal wall. The body is the middle section that sits in a depression on the liver. Finally, the neck tapers and connects to the cystic duct.

At the junction of the neck and the cystic duct, a fold called Hartmann's pouch may form. The internal wall is lined with columnar cells that have tiny hair-like structures called microvilli. These cells help with the absorption of fluids. The wall also contains deep outpouchings called Rokitansky–Aschoff sinuses, which can extend through the muscular layer.

Understanding how the gallbladder develops helps explain its place in the body. It begins as an endodermal outpouching of the embryonic gut tube. During the second week of embryogenesis, the embryo begins to envelop portions of the yolk sac. This forms the basis of the gastrointestinal tract. By the fourth week, the stomach rotates to the left. This rotation affects the duodenum, which is the part of the tube below the stomach. During this time, a second outpouching called the cystic diverticulum sprouts on the right side. This small bump eventually develops into the adult gallbladder.

While the gallbladder is usually standard, there is significant anatomical variation. In adults, the organ typically has a capacity of about 30 milliliters. However, some people may be born with two or even three gallbladders. Others might have a gallbladder with two lobes separated by a septum. Some individuals even have a Phrygian cap, which is a harmless fold in the fundus. Very rare cases involve the gallbladder being located above, behind, or even detached from the liver. Most of these variations are asymptomatic and do not affect how the body functions.

Health issues often arise when the bile becomes saturated with certain materials.

This can lead to the formation of gallstones, which are typically made of cholesterol or bilirubin. Bilirubin is a product created when the body breaks down hemoglobin. If these stones block a duct, they can cause severe, colicky pain in the upper-right abdomen. This blockage can also cause cholecystitis, which is inflammation of the gallbladder. This inflammation may be caused by stones, infection, or autoimmune disease. If the stone blocks the pancreatic duct, it can lead to pancreatitis.

When medical intervention is required, doctors may perform a cholecystectomy. This is a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder. It can be done through an open surgery or a laparoscopic approach. While the gallbladder is gone, the liver simply sends bile directly into the biliary tree. Some patients may experience indigestion or postcholecystectomy syndrome after the procedure. Although rare, other complications can include biliary injury or a biloma, which is an accumulation of bile in the abdominal cavity.

Scientists also study the link between gallbladder removal and cancer risks, such as right-sided colon cancer.