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Frieze

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

In the world of architecture, a frieze is a significant decorative element. It is the wide, central section of an entablature. An entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns. A frieze serves to add beauty or meaning to a building. It can be quite simple or very complex. Many cultures use this long strip to display art.

20100410 athina108
20100410 athina108

The placement of a frieze follows a specific structural order. It sits directly upon the architrave. The architrave is the main beam of the structure. Above the frieze, it is capped by the cornice. The cornice is the decorative molding at the very top. On an astylar wall, there are no columns or pilasters. Even without these supports, the frieze remains a key part of the design.

Decorative emblems The Circus Bath
Decorative emblems The Circus Bath

Friezes can take many different forms depending on the style. In the Ionic or Corinthian orders, a frieze might be plain. However, it can also be decorated with bas-reliefs. Bas-relief is a type of sculpture that stays close to a background. Some friezes use paterae, which are circular ornaments, for decoration. Others might show scenes in a sequence of discrete panels.

Ornate molding frieze at Hoysaleshwara temple, Halebidu
Ornate molding frieze at Hoysaleshwara temple, Halebidu

Materials for these decorations vary widely across history. An artist might use plasterwork to create intricate shapes. Carved wood is another common medium for a frieze. Some friezes are made through painting or calligraphy. Calligraphy is the art of beautiful, decorative writing. In interior design, a frieze is a section of a room's wall. It sits above the picture rail and under the crown moldings.

Decorative emblems The Circus Bath
Decorative emblems The Circus Bath

History shows us that many famous structures use this feature. Ancient Greek and Roman buildings often feature beautiful friezes. The Parthenon Frieze is perhaps the most famous and elaborate example. In Athens, the Tower of the Winds also uses this technique. Its frieze contains relief sculptures of the eight winds. This shows how a frieze can tell a specific story.

20100410 athina108
20100410 athina108

Specific styles emerged during different historical periods. A pulvinated frieze, also called a pulvino, has a unique shape. This type is convex, meaning it curves outward in section. These were typical of 17th-century Northern Mannerism. This was a specific artistic style used during that time. People used these in interior architecture and on furniture. They often served as subsidiary or secondary decorations.

Decorative emblems The Circus Bath
Decorative emblems The Circus Bath

The concept of the frieze has expanded into other fields. In a loose sense, any continuous horizontal strip of decoration is a frieze. This can include figurative or ornamental motifs. Even modern structures use the term in a general way. For example, the roof of Yankee Stadium is described as a frieze.

Yankee-stadium-frieze
Yankee-stadium-frieze

Finally, the idea of the frieze exists in mathematics. Mathematicians use the term to describe frieze patterns. These are mathematical constructions involving repeating shapes. This shows how a simple architectural idea can connect to science. Whether in a temple or a math equation, the pattern remains important.

Yankee-stadium-frieze
Yankee-stadium-frieze
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File:Ornate molding frieze at Hoysaleshwara temple, Halebidu.jpg
Ornate molding frieze at Hoysaleshwara...
File:Yankee-stadium-frieze.jpg
Yankee-stadium-frieze.jpg
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