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Freethought

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Freethought is a social movement that promotes unorthodox attitudes and beliefs. It encourages people to form ideas independently from authority, tradition, or dogma. Adherents of this movement are known as freethinkers. The cognitive process of applying these principles is called freethinking.

In many modern contexts, freethought is closely tied to the rejection of traditional religious belief systems. Freethinkers believe that knowledge should be grounded in facts, logic, and scientific inquiry. This skeptical approach aims to avoid the limiting effects of cognitive bias and prejudice. It also seeks to move beyond conventional wisdom and popular culture.

To be considered true, a notion must meet specific criteria for freethinkers. An idea must be testable, verifiable, and logical. Many freethinkers also identify as humanists. Humanism bases morality on human needs rather than divine command. They find meaning in human compassion, social progress, and the furtherance of knowledge.

Pansy aka
Pansy aka

These individuals often value personal happiness, art, and love. They tend to be skeptical and respect the power of critical thinking. Freethinkers seek to determine truth through their own experiences and knowledge. This requires significant intellectual integrity and the courage to think outside accepted norms.

Different types of thought exist within this broad umbrella. For example, some thinkers are deists. In the 18th and 19th centuries, deists argued that God's nature is known through studying nature rather than religious revelation. While deists today see themselves as freethinkers, they were once stigmatized by Christian opponents.

Atelier de Nicolas de Largillière, portrait de Voltaire (musée Carnavalet)
Atelier de Nicolas de Largillière, portrait de Voltaire (musée Carnavalet)

Other thinkers may be atheists or agnostics. However, the philosopher Bertrand Russell argued that these labels do not automatically make one a freethinker. Russell noted that an atheist could still follow a rigid dogma, much like a religious leader. He believed a true freethinker is defined by their independent method of inquiry rather than a specific belief.

History shows that the roots of freethought reach back many centuries. Modern followers view critical thought in Ancient Greece as a precursor. They also look to the wisdom of Iranian civilizations, such as the era of Khayyam from 1048 to 1131.

The movement also draws strength from the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. The French physician Rabelais used satire to defy conformist orthodoxy. He celebrated the freedom of the mind through his works. The execution of Giordano Bruno by the Inquisition in 1600 is also considered a landmark event for the movement.

Specific historical figures and organizations have shaped the movement's development. In the 1870s, British mathematician William Kingdon Clifford became a major influence. He wrote "The Ethics of Belief," which stated it is wrong to believe anything without sufficient evidence. This essay became a rallying cry for the movement. Clifford also helped organize the Congress of Liberal Thinkers in 1878.

Bust Of Bertrand Russell-Red Lion Square-London
Bust Of Bertrand Russell-Red Lion Square-London

In Canada, the Toronto Freethought Association was founded in 1873. This group eventually became the nucleus of the Canadian Secular Union in 1884. These organizations helped bring together secularists from both urban and rural areas.

In France, the concept of "Libre-Pensée" emerged prominently in the 18th century. It appeared in the Encyclopédie through the work of thinkers like Voltaire.

The movement in France often associates freedom of thought with political anti-clericalism. The Fédération nationale de la libre pensée was created in 1890 to continue this tradition. Other nations have also seen shifts toward secularism. In Australia, intellectual Donald Horne observed a decline in religious interest following World War II. He suggested that post-war prosperity made religion less appealing to many Australians.

The pansy is the enduring symbol of the freethought movement. The name comes from the French word "pensée," which means "thought."

It was chosen because the flower resembles a human face in deep thought. In the 1880s, it was proposed in the United States as a symbol of religious liberty. This symbol connects the movement to a long tradition of valuing the freedom of conscience. Today, freethought remains a diverse field that intersects with many different social and philosophical systems.

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Bust Of Bertrand Russell-Red Lion...
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Pansy - Tombstone detail of a...
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Pansy aka.jpg
File:Hommage aux morts de la Libre-pensée (1er et 2 novembre 1881), 2017.0.304.1.jpg
Hommage aux morts de la Libre-pensée (1er...
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Otto Martin junge Dame im schwarzen Kleid...
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De_Vrijdenker_3_nummers_1200px_P5090207.jpg
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Ateizm Derneği logo.png
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TSJan29 1921.jpg
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Dresden Edition overall.JPG
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Heston, Two Ways to Go, 1896.gif
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Escuela Moderna.jpg
File:Atelier de Nicolas de Largillière, portrait de Voltaire (musée Carnavalet).jpg
Atelier de Nicolas de Largillière,...

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