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Felix Mendelssohn

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Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was a German composer, pianist, organist, and conductor.

Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy - Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow 1834
Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy - Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow 1834

He was a central figure during the early Romantic period. This was an era where music focused on deep emotion and expression. Mendelssohn produced a wide variety of musical forms. These included symphonies, concertos, piano music, organ music, and chamber music. His work helped define the sound of his time. He is remembered today as one of the most popular composers of the Romantic era.

Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy - Wilhelm Hensel 1847
Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy - Wilhelm Hensel 1847

Mendelssohn's musical skill began with rigorous training. He took his first piano lessons from his mother at age six. By age seven, he was studying with Marie Bigot in Paris. Later, he studied piano with Ludwig Berger in Berlin. A major influence was Carl Friedrich Zelter, who taught him counterpoint and composition. Counterpoint is the art of combining different musical lines.

Octetp1
Octetp1

This training helped him master the style of Baroque music. He was deeply influenced by Johann Sebastian Bach. Mendelssohn's music often shows a clear use of these older techniques. This gave his compositions a sense of structure and tonal clarity.

He was a musical prodigy who showed talent very early. By age nine, he was performing in public chamber music concerts. Between the ages of 12 and 14, he wrote 13 string symphonies. At age 15, he wrote his first symphony for a full orchestra.

Mendelssohn Bartholdy 1821FXD
Mendelssohn Bartholdy 1821FXD

His String Octet, written at age 16, marked his maturity as a composer. He also wrote the Overture to *A Midsummer Night's Dream*. This piece is an early example of a concert overture. A concert overture is music written to evoke a literary theme rather than to accompany a play. This became a very popular form during the Romantic period.

Mendelssohn's family life was intellectually rich. He was born in Hamburg on February 3, 1809. His father, Abraham Mendelssohn, was a banker. His mother was Lea Salomon. His family moved to Berlin in 1811.

Felix Mendelssohn Leipzig study; Contemporary view
Felix Mendelssohn Leipzig study; Contemporary view

Felix had an older sister named Fanny. She was also a talented composer and pianist. However, it was not considered proper for a woman to have a professional career then. Some of her songs were even published under Felix's name. His household in Berlin was a meeting place for many famous scientists and artists.

A major turning point in his career occurred in 1829. At age 20, he arranged and conducted a performance of Bach's *St Matthew Passion*.

Mendelssohn Statue Thomaskirche
Mendelssohn Statue Thomaskirche

This performance was a massive success. It helped revive interest in Bach's music across Europe. This event brought Mendelssohn widespread fame. He also traveled extensively during his adult life. He visited places like Italy, Rome, and Naples. He made ten visits to Britain during his career. Many of his major works were premiered during these trips.

Mendelssohn had distinct musical tastes. He was often more conservative than his contemporaries. Other famous composers like Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner were more adventurous.

Giacomo Meyerbeer Kriehuber
Giacomo Meyerbeer Kriehuber

Mendelssohn's preference for structure led him to found the Leipzig Conservatory. This school became a center for his musical outlook. His reputation faced challenges in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Changing musical tastes and antisemitism caused a period of denigration. However, modern scholars have re-evaluated his work. They now recognize his creative originality.

His legacy lives on through many famous pieces. You may recognize the "Wedding March" from his music for *A Midsummer Night's Dream*.

Mendelssohn Wedding March Theme
Mendelssohn Wedding March Theme

His *Songs Without Words* are his most famous solo piano pieces. He also wrote the *Italian* and *Scottish* Symphonies. His *Violin Concerto* is considered a mature masterpiece.

Mendelssohn VnConcert op64 2mvt
Mendelssohn VnConcert op64 2mvt

Even the melody for the carol "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" comes from his work. His life connects the traditions of the past to the expressive styles of the Romantic era.

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File:Mendelssohn Bartholdy 1821FXD.jpg
Mendelssohn Bartholdy 1821FXD.jpg
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Octetp1.jpg
File:Felix Mendelssohn Leipzig study; Contemporary view.jpg
Felix Mendelssohn Leipzig study;...
File:FELIX MENDELSSOHN 1809-1847 Composer stayed here.jpg
FELIX MENDELSSOHN 1809-1847 Composer...
File:Felixmendelssohngrave.jpg
Felixmendelssohngrave.jpg
File:Ansicht von Luzern - Aquarell Mendelsohn 1847FXD.jpg
Ansicht von Luzern - Aquarell Mendelsohn...
File:Giacomo Meyerbeer Kriehuber.jpg
Giacomo Meyerbeer Kriehuber.jpg
File:Cecile Mendelssohn Bartholdy.jpg
Cecile Mendelssohn Bartholdy.jpg
File:Magnus Jenny Lind.jpg
Magnus Jenny Lind.jpg
File:Mendelssohn plays to Goethe, 1830.jpg
Mendelssohn plays to Goethe, 1830.jpg
File:Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy - Wilhelm Hensel 1847.jpg
Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy - Wilhelm...
File:Mendelssohn Wedding March Theme.jpg
Mendelssohn Wedding March Theme.jpg

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