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Fe'i banana

life science Maturity 9-11 Next article →

Fe'i bananas, scientifically known as Musa × troglodytarum L., are unique cultivated plants. They are members of the genus Musa, which includes most common bananas. These plants are very different from the standard bananas and plantains we see in stores. Most common bananas come from Musa acuminata or Musa balbisiana species. Fe'i bananas belong to a different botanical group called section Callimusa. They are most famous for their striking appearance and their history in the Pacific islands.

Fe'i banana map
Fe'i banana map

The biology of the Fe'i banana plant is quite fascinating. They are tall, herbaceous plants that can grow very high. While they look like trees, they do not have wooden trunks. Instead, they have a pseudostem, which is a structure made of tightly wrapped leaf bases. At maturity, each pseudostem produces one flowering stem. This stem grows upward inside the pseudostem before emerging from the top. As the stem elongates, female flowers develop into the fruit. Finally, male flowers appear at the end of the stem.

Hillsman carrying feis to Papeete, by Coulon
Hillsman carrying feis to Papeete, by Coulon

Fe'i bananas have several physical traits that set them apart from other cultivars. The flowering and fruiting stem grows in an upright position. This causes the bunches of bananas to grow upward rather than drooping. The fruit itself is often squarish because it has prominent ridges. The skin is a brilliant orange, red, or copper color. Inside, the flesh is typically yellow or orange. The plant also produces highly colored sap. This sap can range from pink to bright magenta or dark purple.

Karat bananas
Karat bananas

Botanists have faced much confusion regarding the proper names for these plants. In 1747, the German-Dutch botanist Georg E. Rumpf described a plant called Musa uranoscopos. This name means "heaven-looking banana" and matches the Fe'i description. However, Carl Linnaeus established new naming rules in 1753. Linnaeus combined different plants under the name Musa troglodytarum L. This grouping was considered confusing by later experts. In 1917, Merrill designated Rumphius's original illustration as the lectotype for the species. Finally, in 2012, researchers concluded that all Fe'i cultivars should use the name Musa troglodytarum L.

Musa uranoscopos Rumphius
Musa uranoscopos Rumphius

The history of the Fe'i banana is tied to the migration of Pacific Islanders. They are believed to have originated in the New Guinea area. As people traveled across the ocean in canoes, they brought the plants with them. Evidence shows they were in the Marquesas around 250 BC. They were also being grown in Tahiti around 800 AD. Today, their distribution stretches from the Maluku Islands to French Polynesia. This includes the Society Islands, the Marquesas, and the Solomon Islands.

Fe'i banana map
Fe'i banana map

These bananas are a vital source of nutrition. They are high in beta-carotene, which is a precursor to vitamin A. In the Solomon Islands, one Fe'i cultivar had 6,000 μg of beta-carotene per 100 g of flesh. This is much higher than the 1,300 μg found in some non-Fe'i cultivars. Most Fe'i bananas are eaten as plantains, meaning they are cooked by boiling or baking. They are often described as delicious when served with fresh coconut cream. In Pohnpei, some types like the Karat cultivars are eaten raw when ripe.

Karat bananas
Karat bananas

Beyond food, the Fe'i banana plant provides many useful materials. The large leaves can be used as plates or as roofing for temporary huts. Fibers from the leaf midrib can be made into ropes for carrying fruit. Other parts of the leaves can be dried and plaited into mats. The pseudostems are buoyant, so they can be used to build temporary rafts. The plant even provides a colorful dye. The reddish sap is used as an ink because it does not fade easily in light.

Paul Gauguin 042
Paul Gauguin 042
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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Hillsman carrying feis to Papeete, by Coulon.jpg
Hillsman carrying feis to Papeete, by Coulon.jpg
File:Musa uranoscopos Rumphius.jpg
Musa uranoscopos Rumphius.jpg
File:Fe'i banana map.png
Fe'i banana map.png
File:Karat bananas.jpg
Karat bananas.jpg
File:Paul Gauguin 042.jpg
Paul Gauguin 042.jpg
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