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Entrée

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An entrée is a specific course served during a meal. Its meaning depends heavily on where a person is eating. In most of the English-speaking world and in France, an entrée is a starter. It is a small dish served before the main course. However, in the United States and parts of Canada, the term means something different. There, an entrée refers to the main course or the only course in a meal.

The culinary history of the entrée began in the 16th century. The term first appeared in print around 1536. It was found in a book called Petit traicté auquel verrez la maniere de faire cuisine. This book included a collection of menus at the end. In these early menus, the first stage was the entree de table. This term means "entrance to the table." The second stage was potaiges, which were foods boiled or simmered in pots. The third stage was the services de rost, consisting of meat or fowl roasted in dry heat. The final stage was the issue de table, or "departure from the table."

Over time, the structure of the meal changed significantly. Between the mid-16th and mid-17th century, the order of courses shifted. The potage became the first stage of the meal. The entrée moved to become the second stage. By 1650, the word had lost its literal meaning of "entrance." It now described the specific stage after the potage and before the roast or dessert. The term also began to refer to the actual dishes served during that stage.

Entrées were categorized by their size and preparation. Large dishes were known as grosses entrées or grandes entrées. These included large joints of meat like beef or veal. They also included whole fowl such as turkey or geese. One specific type was the entrees de broche, which were spit-roasted and served in a sauce. Another type was le bouilli, a boiled joint of beef served early in the meal. In the late 18th century, these large dishes were often called relevés, or "removes."

Small entrées were also very common and were called entrées ordinaires. These were distinguished by the small size of their ingredients. While the dishes were "ordinary," they were often very refined and elaborate. Large meats were cut into smaller pieces or fillets for these courses. Another type of small dish was the hors d'oeuvre. In the late 17th century, these were small, hot, "extra" dishes. By the 19th century, hors d'œuvre became a distinct stage served before the other entrées.

What people ate for an entrée depended on religious and cultural rules. On meat days, entrées featured butchers' meats, suckling pig, fowl, or game. On lean days, fish, shellfish, crustaceans, turtles, and frogs replaced meat. During the season of Lent, people ate vegetable entrées called entrées en racines. These were dishes made of vegetables. Most entrées were served hot and used moist cooking methods. Common preparations included sautés, ragoûts, and fricassées.

The 19th and 20th centuries brought more changes to dining traditions. In the 19th century, cold entrées became much more common. As church authority declined in France, rules for meat and lean days were followed less strictly. By the end of the 19th century, many specific names for different types of entrées fell out of use. In the 20th century, the French entrée became associated with its position in the meal. It became a small dish preceding the plat principal, or main course. In North America, the older meaning of a substantial meat course persisted for a long time. Recently, many North American menus have moved toward using the term "main course" to avoid confusion.

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