Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
💻

Encyclopédie

technology Maturity 13-18 evolution Next article →

This article covers sensitive topics: evolution. Parents can manage visibility in Parental Controls.

The *Encyclopédie* was a monumental general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772.

Encyclopedie frontispice section 256px
Encyclopedie frontispice section 256px

It stands as a defining work of the Enlightenment, a period of intellectual growth in Europe. The project aimed to change how people think by providing a way for them to inform themselves. Denis Diderot, the primary editor, hoped to spread vast amounts of knowledge to both present and future generations. This effort represented an early attempt at the democratization of knowledge. However, the high cost of the first edition, which was 980 livres, meant it was mostly unavailable to the middle class.

The creation of the *Encyclopédie* began as a plan to translate a London book. This source was Ephraim Chambers's *Cyclopaedia*, which had been published in 1728.

ENC SYSTEME FIGURE
ENC SYSTEME FIGURE

A translation project involving John Mills and Gottfried Sellius eventually caught the interest of the Parisian bookseller André Le Breton. In 1745, a prospectus was released to find subscribers for the new work. The project faced early drama when cooperation between Le Breton and Mills collapsed. Le Breton even assaulted Mills with a cane during a confrontation. Following this, the editorship changed several times before Diderot and Jean le Rond d'Alembert took charge.

The scale of the finished work was immense and highly detailed. The first edition consisted of seventeen folio volumes of text. These were accompanied by eleven volumes of engravings, known as plates.

Encyclopedie frontispice section 256px
Encyclopedie frontispice section 256px

These plates provided detailed descriptions of the mechanical arts, which was a new approach for encyclopedias. In total, the work contained approximately 71,818 articles and 2,784 plates. The first edition had a pressrun of 4,225 copies. This was much higher than the average French book run of about 2,000 copies. The publishers earned a profit of more than two million livres from this edition.

Because the content was often radical, the *Encyclopédie* faced intense opposition from conservative groups. In 1752, a royal edict briefly suspended the work. Officials accused it of undermining royal authority and encouraging irreligion or atheism. In 1759, the French government suspended the publishing privilege entirely. Despite this, the project continued in secret. Diderot and the publishers even falsified the place of publication on title pages. They claimed the books were printed in Neuchâtel, a safe principality across the French border. This allowed them to continue working while avoiding direct interference from the French state.

Many different people, known as *Encyclopédistes*, contributed to the massive project. More than 140 people wrote at least one article. Famous intellectuals like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu were among them.

Denis Diderot 111
Denis Diderot 111

One contributor, Louis de Jaucourt, was exceptionally productive. He wrote 17,266 articles between 1759 and 1765. This accounted for about 25% of the entire work. Jaucourt wrote roughly eight articles every day. While some contributors were paid, many others, especially irregular ones, worked for free.

The *Encyclopédie* was also a pioneer in giving proper credit to its authors. It was the first encyclopedia to systematically name its contributors within the text. Editors used small symbols, or signatures, at the end of articles to identify writers. For instance, an "O" indicated an article by d'Alembert. An "L" signaled a contribution from the anatomist Pierre Tarin. This system helped readers identify the source of the information. However, as government pressure increased after 1759, more articles were published anonymously to protect the writers.

The legacy of the *Encyclopédie* continued long after the original publication ended. In 1775, Charles Joseph Panckoucke bought the rights to the work. He added five volumes of supplements and a two-volume index. Later, from 1782 to 1832, a much larger version called the *Encyclopédie méthodique* was published. This massive expansion reached 166 volumes. It required the labor of one thousand workers and 2,250 different contributors. This evolution shows how the original goal of spreading knowledge grew into a massive, organized system of information.

640 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Denis_Diderot_111.PNG
Denis_Diderot_111.PNG
File:Encyclopedie frontispice section 256px.jpg
Encyclopedie frontispice section 256px.jpg
File:ENC SYSTEME FIGURE.jpeg
ENC SYSTEME FIGURE.jpeg
More to explore

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.