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Dalbergia

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Dalbergia is a large genus of plants within the Fabaceae family. This family is commonly known as the pea family. The genus includes a wide variety of growth forms. You can find small to medium-sized trees and shrubs. It also includes lianas, which are woody climbing vines.

Trunk W IMG 3540
Trunk W IMG 3540

Scientists have placed these plants into an informal group called the Dalbergieae clade. This genus has a very wide natural distribution. Most species are native to tropical regions. These regions include Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar, and Southern Asia.

Many species in this genus are highly valued for their timber. They are often prized for decorative and fragrant wood. This fragrance comes from rich, aromatic oils found in the timber. Many of these species are called rosewoods. This name describes the sweet smell the wood releases when it is cut.

RosewoodPieces
RosewoodPieces

Some species are specifically known for their unique colors and grain patterns. For example, Dalbergia decipularis produces Brazilian tulipwood. This wood is cream-colored with red or salmon stripes. It is often used for veneers or crossbanding.

Dalbergia sp. MHNT.BOT.2010.6.20
Dalbergia sp. MHNT.BOT.2010.6.20

Other species offer different colors and uses for craftsmen. Dalbergia cearensis yields kingwood, which is purple with dark stripes. In Central America, Dalbergia retusa produces cocobolo. This wood shows a spectacular orange-red figure when freshly cut. This color slowly fades into more subdued tones when exposed to air.

Dalbergia miscolobium 1 João de Deus Medeiros
Dalbergia miscolobium 1 João de Deus Medeiros

Another important timber is African blackwood, or Dalbergia melanoxylon. This wood is intensely black. Because of its color, it is in high demand for making woodwind musical instruments.

Dalbergia sissoo is a very significant species in northern India. It has historically been the primary rosewood species in that region. This wood is exceptionally strong, tough, and durable. It has a density of 770 kg/m3. The wood ranges in color from golden to dark brown. It maintains its shape well and can be easily seasoned. While it is difficult to work, it takes a fine polish.

Dalbergia lanceolaria
Dalbergia lanceolaria

People use it for high-quality furniture, plywood, and even railway sleepers. It is also used for sporting goods and decorative carvings.

The history of Dalbergia is visible through the fossil record. This shows the genus has existed for millions of years. Fossil seed pods of Dalbergia phleboptera were found in a Chattian deposit in France. In Southern Slovakia, fossils of Dalbergia nostratum were found in rhyodacite tuff. These fossils date back to the Lower Miocene age.

Pods W IMG 3542
Pods W IMG 3542

In Hungary, fossil seed pods of Dalbergia mecsekense were found in a Sarmatian deposit. Additionally, Dalbergia lucida fossils were described from the Xiaolongtan Formation in China. These fossils date to the late Miocene age.

While humans use these plants, they also support local ecosystems. Some species serve as food plants for the larvae of Lepidoptera, which are moths. For instance, the moth Bucculatrix mendax feeds exclusively on Dalbergia sissoo. However, some species can be difficult for humans to handle. Dalbergia species are notorious for causing allergic reactions. This happens because the wood contains sensitizing quinones. These chemical substances can trigger sensitivities in people.

Because of their value, many Dalbergia species face conservation challenges. They are all protected under CITES. This is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. This international agreement regulates how these plants are traded. Most Dalbergia species are listed in Appendix II of CITES. However, Dalbergia nigra is listed in the stricter Appendix I. This higher level of protection is necessary to ensure their survival.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Dalbergia armata, stekels, Krantzkloof NR.jpg
Dalbergia armata, stekels, Krantzkloof NR.jpg
File:Trunk W IMG 3540.jpg
Trunk W IMG 3540.jpg
File:Dalbergia lanceolaria.jpg
Dalbergia lanceolaria.jpg
File:Pods W IMG 3542.jpg
Pods W IMG 3542.jpg
File:RosewoodPieces.jpg
RosewoodPieces.jpg
File:Dalbergia miscolobium 1 João de Deus Medeiros.jpg
Dalbergia miscolobium 1 João de Deus Medeiros.jpg
File:Dalbergia sp. MHNT.BOT.2010.6.20.jpg
Dalbergia sp. MHNT.BOT.2010.6.20.jpg
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