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Common walkingstick

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The common walkingstick is a slender insect known as a phasmid. It is also called the northern walkingstick. Its scientific name is Diapheromera femorata. This insect is important because it is a key part of the deciduous forest ecosystem.

Northern Walkingstick
Northern Walkingstick

It plays a specific role by feeding on various types of plant foliage. Because it is a generalist, it can eat many different plants. However, it often prefers foliage from oak and hazelnut trees.

This insect uses camouflage to survive in the wild. It is shaped like a long, thin twig. This helps it hide from predators in the forest. The sexes show different physical traits. Males are usually brown and measure about 50 mm in length. Females are larger and have a greenish-brown color.

Diapheromera femorata mating
Diapheromera femorata mating

Both sexes lack wings, which means they cannot fly. Their antennae are two-thirds of the length of their bodies. Each insect also has cerci, which are paired appendages at the tip of the abdomen. Each cercus has only a single segment.

To complete its twig-like appearance, the walkingstick uses its legs in a specific way. It has three pairs of legs. When the insect is at rest, it extends the front pair forward. These legs sit beside the antennae. This positioning creates a continuous, straight line. This visual trick makes the insect look exactly like a small branch.

Northern Walkingstick
Northern Walkingstick

The common walkingstick is a herbivore. It feeds mainly on the leaves of trees. These insects are known as leaf skeletonisers. This term describes how they eat the soft tissue located between the leaf veins. After eating this tissue, they pause before moving to a new leaf. They can feed at any time of day. However, the greatest feeding activity occurs between 9pm and 3am.

Diapheromera femorata mating
Diapheromera femorata mating

These insects have a very wide distribution across North America. Their range reaches from the Atlantic coast, from Maine to Florida. They extend as far west as California. They also reach north to North Dakota. The walkingstick is also found in Canada. It lives in Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, and Québec. In Canada, it is the only species of stick insect.

Northern Walkingstick
Northern Walkingstick

The life cycle of the walkingstick is hemimetabolous. This means the insect grows through a series of nymphal stages. Breeding occurs in the late summer. This happens after the nymph has undergone its final moult to become an adult. About one week after mating, egg-laying begins. The eggs measure 4 mm across. Females drop the eggs singly onto the forest floor.

Diapheromera femorata mating
Diapheromera femorata mating

These eggs overwinter in the leaf litter. They may hatch the following May or even a full year later.

When the eggs hatch, the young must face several challenges. If the weather is very dry, the young may fail to exit their egg-capsules. The survivors climb up tree trunks to find food. They must pass through four to six moults to reach adulthood. During their growth, they eat different plants. Early nymphs often stay on American hazel or black cherry. As they get older, they may choose white oak or black oak. They might also feed on the black locust tree.

Northern Walkingstick
Northern Walkingstick
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Northern Walkingstick.tif
File:Diapheromera femorata mating.jpg
Diapheromera femorata mating.jpg
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