Common pheasant

The pheasant is a colorful bird.

Male birds have bright feathers. They can be gold or red. Some males have a white ring on their neck.

Females look different. They have dull brown feathers. This helps them hide.

These birds live in Asia. They also live in parts of Europe.

Many people keep them on farms. Some people hunt them too. They are very famous birds around the world. Do you like bright colors?

The common pheasant is a famous bird.

It is native to Asia. It also lives in parts of Europe. Many people know these birds as ring-necked pheasants. This is the name used in North America.

Male pheasants are very bright. They have gold or red feathers. Their feathers can also shine with green or purple. Some males have a white ring on their neck. They also have red skin called a wattle near their face. Females look very different. They have dull brown feathers. This helps them stay hidden.

There are many types of pheasants. We call these different types subspecies. Some have red backs. Others have grey backs. Most of these birds come from Asia. Scientists think they started in the forests of China.

Many people raise them on farms. Some people hunt them for sport. They are one of the most hunted birds in the world.

The common pheasant is a very famous bird.

It belongs to the pheasant family called Phasianidae. Many people know it as the ring-necked pheasant. This name is common in North America. In China, people call it zhi ji. This means pheasant-fowl. It is a very well-known gamebird around the world.

Because people hunt it, it has been moved to many new places. It is one of the most hunted birds on Earth.

Male pheasants are very colorful and bright. They have feathers that look like gold or fiery copper-red. Their plumage can also shine with green and purple colors. Some males have a white ring around their neck. They also have a red wattle near their face. Behind their faces, they have two ear-tufts. These make the bird look very alert. Females look much different from the males. They have dull, mottled brown feathers to help them hide.

Scientists have studied how these birds are related to others. For a long time, people thought they were close to chickens. Recent studies show they are actually in different groups. They split from the chicken group over 20 million years ago. The bird was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. He used the name Phasianus colchicus. This name means pheasant from Colchis. Colchis is an old name for the country of Georgia. This is a place near the Black Sea.

There are many different types of these birds. We call these types subspecies. There are about 30 subspecies in several groups. Some have red rumps and others have grey rumps.

Some live in the Caucasus Mountains. Others live in the forests of China. Scientists think the species first started in southeastern China. These birds can vary a lot in size. Males average 50 to 70 centimeters in length. Their wingspan can be quite large too.

Common pheasants are found in many parts of the world. They are native to Asia and parts of Europe. People have introduced them to places like North America and Australia. In South Dakota, the ring-necked pheasant is the state bird. It is one of only two US state birds not native to the United States. Some birds are even raised on special game farms. These birds are part of our everyday world. You might see them in fields or near farms.

The common pheasant, known scientifically as Phasianus colchicus, is a highly recognizable bird in the pheasant family, Phasianidae.

It is often called the ring-necked pheasant, a name used for the species throughout North America. In China, the bird is known as zhi ji, or pheasant-fowl. This species is famous as a gamebird and is one of the most hunted birds in the world.

Because of its popularity for hunting, humans have introduced the pheasant to many regions across the globe. It is so widespread that it has become naturalized in parts of Europe. In South Dakota, the ring-necked pheasant serves as the state bird, making it one of only two US state birds not native to the United States.

Physically, the common pheasant shows extreme sexual dimorphism, meaning males and females look very different. Adult males are incredibly colorful, with plumage that can range from nearly white to almost black in melanistic forms. The nominate subspecies, Phasianus colchicus colchicus, features a body of bright gold, fiery copper-red, or chestnut-brown. These feathers often have an iridescent sheen of green and purple. The male has a bottle-green head, a small crest, and a distinctive red wattle. A long, brown, streaked black tail often makes up almost half of its total length. In contrast, females and juveniles are much less showy. They possess dull, mottled brown plumage to help them stay hidden. A male typically reaches a length of 50 to 70 centimeters, while females are generally smaller.

The biological history of the pheasant reveals complex evolutionary relationships. While scientists once believed pheasants were closely related to the genus Gallus, which includes chickens, recent studies show they belong to different subfamilies. These groups diverged from a common ancestor over 20 million years ago. The species is also related to the green pheasant (P. versicolor) of Japan. Although these two species can produce fertile hybrids, they have different ecological requirements. In Japan, the green pheasant often outcompetes the common pheasant in its typical habitat, which has caused the introduction of the common pheasant to largely fail there.

Carl Linnaeus first provided a scientific description of the species in 1758.

He used the name Phasianus colchicus, which translates to "pheasant from Colchis." Colchis is an ancient name for the region of modern-day Georgia near the Black Sea. Linnaeus's description was brief, noting it as a red pheasant with a blue head. While he initially listed its location as "Africa, Asia," the type locality was later fixed to the Rioni River in western Georgia. This region is where the name Phasianos ornis, meaning "bird of the river Phasis," originated in Ancient Greek.

There is significant diversity within the species, with approximately 30 subspecies organized into several groups.

These subspecies are often categorized into western and eastern clades. The western clade includes red-rumped pheasants, such as the black-necked pheasant group. These birds may have bronze-red or rusty-orange rumps. The eastern clade consists of grey-rumped pheasants, which feature lavender-blue or olive-greenish rumps. Scientists believe the common pheasant originally evolved in the forests of southeastern China. Genetic evidence suggests the initial divergence of these groups occurred around 3.4 million years ago.

Genetic studies have also revealed interesting facts about the pheasant's biology. As of 2005, the common pheasant was noted for having one of the smallest known genomes among all living amniotes. Its genome size is approximately 0.97 picograms, which contains about 970 million base pairs. This is roughly one-third the size of a human genome. However, it is not the absolute smallest, as the black-chinned hummingbird holds that record. This compact genetic makeup is a notable feature of the species' biological profile.

Today, the common pheasant remains a central figure in both natural ecosystems and human industry.

They are widely bred on commercial game farms, where the stock is considered semi-domesticated. However, the natural diversity of the species faces challenges. Many subspecies are at risk of disappearing due to hybridization with introduced birds. For example, the last population of black-necked pheasants in Europe was estimated to be only 100 to 250 individuals in the Nestos River delta as of 2012. This highlights the delicate balance between the pheasant's global success and the survival of its unique local varieties.