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Coat of arms

language culture Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A coat of arms is a visual heraldic design used for identification.

Great Seal of the United States (obverse)
Great Seal of the United States (obverse)

It is typically placed on an escutcheon, which is a shield. These designs can also appear on a surcoat or a tabard. These terms refer to outer garments worn over armor. A full heraldic achievement is more complex than just a shield. It includes several parts: the shield, supporters, a crest, and a motto. A coat of arms is meant to be unique to an armiger. An armiger can be an individual person or a family. It can also represent a state, a school, or a corporation.

To ensure these designs remain consistent, experts use a specific system. This formal description is called a blazon. A blazon uses a special vocabulary to describe the design. This allows anyone to recreate the image accurately without seeing it. This process prevents confusion between different designs. In some traditions, such as in England, these arms are considered legal property. They are often transmitted from a father to a son. Wives and daughters can also bear arms, but they must modify the design. This modification shows their specific relationship to the current armiger.

One common way to modify a design is by adding a charge. A charge is a symbol placed on the shield. In British heraldry, a specific charge called a label is used. This mark usually identifies an heir apparent. Other descendants might use undifferenced arms, which means they use the original design. However, they usually add a color change or a different charge to distinguish themselves. This system allows a family to maintain a single identity while recognizing different members.

Coat of arms of Sir Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, KG
Coat of arms of Sir Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, KG
DeringRoll
DeringRoll

The history of heraldry began in Europe during the 12th century. Noblemen used these designs for personal identification. By the early 13th century, heraldry had become a systematic and heritable practice. In England, arms became hereditary during the reign of King Richard I. This occurred during the Third Crusade, which lasted from 1189 to 1192. During the late medieval period, the use of arms expanded significantly. It spread to the clergy, to various towns, and to royally chartered organizations. These organizations included universities and large trading companies.

Arms of the House of de Burgh
Arms of the House of de Burgh

Different regions developed their own unique traditions and rules. The French system of heraldry was very influential. It provided much of the terminology and classifications used in British and Western European systems. In Scotland, the Lord Lyon King of Arms has criminal jurisdiction to control the use of arms. In England, the College of Arms regulates the designs and is part of civil law. Ireland once had the Ulster King of Arms, an office created in 1552. After Irish independence in 1922, the office continued to work out of Dublin Castle. By 1943, the authority was split between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

Arms Utrecht Province
Arms Utrecht Province
Liptov coatofarms
Liptov coatofarms

In other parts of the world, heraldry follows different patterns. German heraldry and the traditions of the Holy Roman Empire influenced the Nordic countries. In Nordic countries, municipal coats of arms are used on official buildings and uniforms. They can also be found on souvenirs if the municipal council grants permission. In North America, the Canadian Heraldic Authority is located at Rideau Hall. The Governor General of Canada holds the power to grant armorial bearings. In the United States, the Continental Congress adopted the Great Seal on June 20, 1782. This seal features a shield with thirteen pieces and a bald eagle.

Today, heraldry remains a living tradition with many connections to modern life. Many scholars compare coats of arms to modern corporate logos. Both serve the purpose of creating a unique identity for a group. Many European cities and universities protect their coats of arms as trademarks. Even religious institutions use these designs to represent their office. For example, the papacy uses a coat of arms to show its authority. Because the papacy is not hereditary, popes display their personal arms alongside their office arms. This tradition connects ancient symbols to modern legal and social systems.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:DeringRoll.jpg
DeringRoll.jpg
File:Pompa funebris Albert Ardux - duc Brabantiae.jpg
Pompa funebris Albert Ardux - duc Brabantiae.jpg
File:Hyghalmen Roll Late 1400s.jpg
Hyghalmen Roll Late 1400s.jpg
File:Arms of Duke of Richmond 02817.jpg
Arms of Duke of Richmond 02817.jpg
File:Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (Variant).svg
Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (Variant).svg
File:Coat of arms of Sir Edward Stanley, 3rd Earl of Derby, KG.png
Coat of arms of Sir Edward Stanley, 3rd...
File:Arms of the House of de Burgh.svg
Arms of the House of de Burgh.svg
File:Arms Utrecht Province.png
Arms Utrecht Province.png
File:Liptov coatofarms.jpg
Liptov coatofarms.jpg
File:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg
Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg
File:C o a Johannes Paulus I.svg
C o a Johannes Paulus I.svg
File:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
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