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Cleridae

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Cleridae is a large family of beetles commonly known as checkered beetles.

Trichodes ornatus on a flower
Trichodes ornatus on a flower

These insects belong to the superfamily Cleroidea and the suborder Polyphaga. They are found across the entire globe, including the Americas, Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia. With approximately 3,500 known species worldwide, they occupy many different ecological niches. While many are famous for being predators, some species act as scavengers or pollen feeders. Their presence is significant in both natural ecosystems and human industries.

Physically, most checkered beetles have elongated, oval bodies covered in bristly hairs.

Enoclerus ichneumoneus
Enoclerus ichneumoneus

Many species display vibrant, ornate patterns in colors like red, yellow, orange, or blue. Their antennae are often clubbed at the tips, though some varieties appear saw-toothed or thread-like. A key anatomical feature is the pronotum, which is the shield-like region behind the head. In many species, the pronotum is nearly cylindrical and narrower than the elytra, which are the hardened front wings. The elytra often contain tiny pits or depressions and never expose more than two tergites, or dorsal plates.

To identify a member of the Cleridae family, scientists look at specific anatomical structures.

Tillus elongatus tarsus
Tillus elongatus tarsus

One primary indicator is the 5–5–5 tarsal formula. This means that on the front, middle, and hind legs, there are five tarsomeres, or individual foot segments. Additionally, the front coxae, which are the bases of the legs, expose the trochanter, the second segment of the leg. Clerids can also be distinguished from the similar Melyridae family because they lack eversible vesicles. These vesicles are small, balloon-like scent glands found on the abdomen or pronotum of other beetles.

The life cycle of a clerid beetle is holometabolous, meaning it follows four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

Thanasimus dubius larva
Thanasimus dubius larva

The process begins when a female lays between 28 and 42 eggs. She typically deposits them under tree bark or beneath stones in the soil. After hatching, the larvae emerge as slender, hairy hunters. These larvae are incredibly voracious; some can consume several times their own body weight in a single day. After a period of intense feeding, the larvae enter the pupal stage. Most species create earthen cells made of soil and secreted enzymes to pupate, a stage that can last from six weeks to a full year.

Different species of Cleridae have adapted to very different lifestyles and habitats.

Trichodes ornatus on a flower
Trichodes ornatus on a flower

"Flower visitors" live in moist, sunny areas and feed on pollen or insects that visit flowers. "Tree-living species" reside in forests, where they hunt for bark beetles and wood-boring insects under the bark. Another group is known as "nest robbers." These beetles live in trees or shrubbery and hunt the larvae of bees, wasps, or termites. Some species even target grasshopper egg masses. Others, like the genus Necrobia, are scavengers that seek out decaying animal matter.

Certain checkered beetles have a direct impact on human activity and science.

Necrobia rufipes
Necrobia rufipes

The red-legged ham beetle, *Necrobia rufipes*, is a well-known species in stored product entomology. It can infest dried or smoked meats, hides, and even items like dried figs or silk. In the field of medico-legal entomology, some species are used to help estimate the post-mortem interval, or the time since an animal died. Because *Necrobia rufipes* is attracted to carrion during the later, drier stages of decomposition, its presence provides important clues to forensic investigators.

Because of their intense appetite, many clerids are used in biological control programs.

Thanasimus dubius Attacking Prey
Thanasimus dubius Attacking Prey

This is a method of managing pest populations using natural predators. For example, species like *Thanasimus undatulus* are used to protect the lumber industry. These beetles prey on bark beetles, such as the mountain pine beetle, which can kill large numbers of trees. Researchers can even use pheromones—chemical scents used for communication—to attract checkered beetles to specific trees. This allows the clerids to overwhelm and eliminate the pest populations, helping to maintain healthy forest ecosystems.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Enoclerus ichneumoneus.jpg
Enoclerus ichneumoneus.jpg
File:Tillus elongatus tarsus.jpg
Tillus elongatus tarsus.jpg
File:Trichodes ornatus on a flower.jpg
Trichodes ornatus on a flower.jpg
File:Necrobia rufipes.jpg
Necrobia rufipes.jpg
File:Thanasimus dubius larva.jpg
Thanasimus dubius larva.jpg
File:Thanasimus dubius Attacking Prey.jpg
Thanasimus dubius Attacking Prey.jpg
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