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Cetraria islandica

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Cetraria islandica is a specific type of Arctic-alpine lichen. It is commonly known as true Iceland lichen or Iceland moss. This name comes from its upright growth habit. Its branches are shaped into flattened lobes with fringed edges. This structure makes it look very much like a moss. It is a small organism that grows to a height of 1 centimeter.

The chemistry of this lichen is quite complex. It contains a large amount of lichenin. Lichenin is a polymeric carbohydrate compound. It is a type of starch that is similar to common starch. This lichenin makes up about 70% of the organism. The body of the lichen is often described as a harsh, cartilaginous material. In commerce, it often appears as a light-gray, almost colorless substance.

Several specific acids and compounds are found within the lichen. One important substance is cetraric acid. This acid is responsible for the slightly bitter taste of the lichen. Cetraric acid can also be found as cetrarin. Cetrarin is a white micro-crystalline powder. It dissolves easily in alcohol. It is only slightly soluble in water or ether. The lichen also contains fumaric acid and lichenostearic acid. Other acids present include lichesterinic acid and protolichesterinic acids.

This lichen has a wide geographic distribution. It grows abundantly in mountainous regions of northern countries. It is a characteristic species for the lava slopes and plains of Iceland. You can find it in the west and north of Iceland. In Europe, it grows on mountains in North Wales and Scotland. It is also found in northern England and southwest Ireland.

In North America, the range of Cetraria islandica is also quite large. It extends through Arctic regions from Alaska to Newfoundland. It reaches south into the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. It is also found in the Appalachian Mountains of New England. While it lives in many places, it is a host to a specific fungus. This fungus is called Lichenopeltella cetrariicola. This lichenicolous fungus is known in Iceland and Europe.

Humans have used this lichen for food and medicine for a long time. All parts of the lichen are edible. It is considered a nutritious and easily digested food. In the past, people used it widely in soups, porridges, and breads. Today, it is used less often. It can be used as a thickener for grains or milk. It can even replace starch in preparations of hot chocolate. If the lichen is dry during winter, it can be soaked. Boiling the lichen is a way to reduce its bitterness.

Medicine has also been a part of its history. In Iceland, it is used for folk medicines and traditional dishes. Some alternative medicine sites recommend it for specific uses. They suggest doses of 2 to 4 grains, which is 0.1 to 0.25 grams. It is used as an aperient and a bitter tonic. Traditionally, it helps relieve irritation in the pharyngeal mucous membranes. It is also used to help with chest ailments and dry coughs.

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