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Ceará

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Ceará is a state located in the northeastern part of Brazil.

Fortalezaceara
Fortalezaceara

It sits along the Atlantic coast and contains 184 different municipalities. The state capital is Fortaleza, which is the fourth most populous city in Brazil.

Fortaleza, Brazil, 2014
Fortaleza, Brazil, 2014

Ceará holds 4.3% of the total Brazilian population. It also contributes 2.1% to the national Gross Domestic Product, or GDP. The name itself has deep cultural roots. It can mean "sings the jandaia." The writer José de Alencar suggested it means turquoise or green waters.

Aguasbelasceara
Aguasbelasceara

The geography of Ceará is defined by a varied landscape. Much of the state sits on a sandy coastal plain. This plain is about 100 kilometers wide. It is often bare of plants, though it contains enclaves of mangroves and coastal forests called restingas. Inland, the land rises into great terraces. These terraces were formed by the denudation of an ancient sandstone plateau.

RVC Mapa 1924
RVC Mapa 1924

This plateau once covered much of the continent. The terraces are separated by watercourses and valleys. Some areas feature hills and highland ranges. These ranges often have flat tops called chapadas or taboleiras. The Serra de Ibiapaba forms the western boundary with Piauí. The Serra do Araripe sits on the southern border.

Igrejadasecrato
Igrejadasecrato

Different environments exist across the state due to elevation and wind. The higher mountain ranges intercept moisture from prevailing trade winds. This moisture creates tropical forests on their flanks and in their valleys. These forests gather species from the caatinga and the cerrado. Lower areas are often characterized by caatinga. This is an endemic Brazilian vegetation consisting of scrubby forests. In the more elevated regions, the soil is better for agriculture. These areas are less affected by the long dry seasons. The Jaguaribe is the largest river and flows northeast across the state.

MARGEM ESQUERDA
MARGEM ESQUERDA

History in Ceará involves many different groups and conflicts. Many Indigenous peoples originally inhabited the land, such as the Tabajara and Potyguara.

Indigenous Peoples in Ceará 2008
Indigenous Peoples in Ceará 2008

The Portuguese first tried to settle in 1534, but they failed. They returned in 1603, but drought forced them to leave. Later, the Dutch invaded the region. They built Fort Schoonenborch by the Pajeú River. In 1654, the Portuguese expelled the Dutch from Brazil. They took the fort and renamed it Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora de Assunção. Ceará eventually became an independent captaincy in 1799. It became a province in 1822. Notably, Ceará was the first province in Brazil to abolish slavery in 1884.

Fortaleza 34 - teatro josé de alencar
Fortaleza 34 - teatro josé de alencar

The climate of Ceará is hot throughout most of the year.

Ceará Köppen
Ceará Köppen

Temperatures vary based on the specific region. The coast is hot and humid due to trade winds. The semi-arid interior is very hot and dry. In the higher ranges, the air is much cooler. The year is split into a rainy season and a dry season. Rains usually occur from January to June. The dry season lasts from July to December. Sometimes, a severe drought known as a seca occurs. These droughts can cause famine and pestilence. To manage water, many dams called açudes have been built. The largest is the Açude Castanhão.

Rio Cocó em Fortaleza
Rio Cocó em Fortaleza

Scientific discoveries have also occurred within the state. Ceará contains outcrops of the Early Cretaceous Crato and Santana formations. These layers of earth hold important fossils. In 2015, scientists described a very early South American bird. It was named Cratoavis cearensis. This name honors both the Crato Formation and the state of Ceará. These paleontological finds help researchers understand ancient life. The state is also one of the few regions in Brazil that experiences earthquakes. In 1980, a 5.8 magnitude earthquake struck near Quixeramobim. It was felt in Fortaleza but caused no injuries.

Today, Ceará is a major destination for tourism. The coastline is famous for its extensive sandy beaches. These are divided into the Sunset Coast and the Sunrise Coast. Famous locations include Canoa Quebrada and Jericoacoara.

Many people visit to enjoy the wind and water sports. You can see people kitesurfing in Fortaleza.

Kitesurf em Fortaleza
Kitesurf em Fortaleza

The state combines natural beauty with a complex history. From its ancient sandstone plateaus to its modern cities, Ceará remains a vital part of Brazil.

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🖼️ Images & Media (31)
File:Ceara jericoacoara2.jpeg
Ceara jericoacoara2.jpeg
File:Kitesurf em Fortaleza.jpg
Kitesurf em Fortaleza.jpg
File:Rio Cocó em Fortaleza.jpg
Rio Cocó em Fortaleza.jpg
File:Aguasbelasceara.jpg
Aguasbelasceara.jpg
File:Ceará Köppen.svg
Ceará Köppen.svg
File:Detalhe de Perspecto de Fortaleza.jpg
Detalhe de Perspecto de Fortaleza.jpg
File:RVC Mapa 1924.jpg
RVC Mapa 1924.jpg
File:Campo do Prado 1927.JPG
Campo do Prado 1927.JPG
File:Avenida Beira Mar - Fortaleza- 1980.jpg
Avenida Beira Mar - Fortaleza- 1980.jpg
File:Fachada principal do Colégio Militar de Fortaleza.jpg
Fachada principal do Colégio Militar de...
File:Casa de Cultura Alemã (byTom Junior).jpg
Casa de Cultura Alemã (byTom Junior).jpg
File:Fortaleza 34 - teatro josé de alencar.jpg
Fortaleza 34 - teatro josé de alencar.jpg

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