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Carl Wieman

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Carl Edwin Wieman is a prominent American physicist and educationist. He is currently the A. D. White Professor at Large at Cornell University. He also holds several positions at Stanford University. These include roles in the physics department and the Graduate School of Education. He is also a professor in the Stanford University School of Engineering. Wieman is known for two very different types of work. He discovered a new state of matter. He also works to change how science is taught in schools.

In 1995, Wieman made a major discovery in physics. He was working at the University of Colorado Boulder at that time. He worked alongside a scientist named Eric Allin Cornell. Together, they produced the first true Bose–Einstein condensate. A Bose–Einstein condensate is an ultracold state of matter. This occurs when matter reaches extremely low temperatures. This discovery was fundamental to the study of physics. For further studies on this state of matter, Wolfgang Ketterle also contributed.

Because of this work, Wieman received the highest honors in science. In 2001, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. He shared this prize with Eric Allin Cornell and Wolfgang Ketterle. He also won the Lorentz Medal in 1998. In 2004, he was named the United States Professor of the Year. This title was given to him among all doctoral and research universities. Later, in 2007, he received the Oersted Medal. This award recognizes notable contributions to teaching physics.

Wieman's life began in Corvallis, Oregon. He was born on March 26, 1951. His parents were N. Orr Wieman and Alison Marjorie Fry. His grandfather, Henry Nelson Wieman, was a religious philosopher. Wieman attended Corvallis High School before moving to higher education. He earned a B.S. from MIT in 1973. He then earned his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1977. In 1997, the University of Chicago gave him an honorary Doctor of Science.

Beyond physics, Wieman focuses heavily on science education. He wants to improve how students learn STEM subjects. STEM stands for science, technology, engineering, and math. He is the founder and chairman of PhET. PhET is a web-based project from the University of Colorado Boulder. It provides an extensive suite of interactive simulations. These simulations help students learn physics, chemistry, biology, earth science, and math. In 2020, he won the Yidan Prize in Education Research. This was for his work developing new tools for STEM education.

Wieman also promotes a specific way of teaching. He uses a pedagogical system called peer instruction. This system was created by Eric Mazur. In this method, teachers ask multiple-choice concept questions during class. Students use small wireless "clicker" devices to reply instantly. If many students choose the wrong answer, they discuss the topic together. Then, they reply to the question again. This helps students learn from one another.

Wieman has also served in important leadership roles. From 2005 to 2009, he chaired the National Academy of Sciences' Board on Science Education. He was also nominated to be the Associate Director of Science for the White House. This nomination happened on March 24, 2010. He had a hearing before the Commerce committee on May 20, 2010. He was confirmed to the post by unanimous consent on September 16, 2010. He left this position in June 2012 to battle multiple myeloma. His work continues to influence both physics and the way the world learns science.

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