Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🗺️

Calgary

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Calgary is the largest city in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Calgary by Sentinel-2
Calgary by Sentinel-2

It serves as a major economic and cultural hub for Western Canada. The city is located at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River.

The peace bridge Calgary
The peace bridge Calgary

This location sits in a transitional zone between the Canadian Prairies and the Rocky Mountain Foothills.

Air Canada 777 departing Calgary
Air Canada 777 departing Calgary

To the east, the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies are visible.

Calgary from Nose hill park (15811489540)
Calgary from Nose hill park (15811489540)

Calgary anchors the southern end of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. This is a large urban area defined by Statistics Canada.

The city's economy is built on many different sectors. It is a major center for energy, financial services, and technology.

Downtown Calgary June 2018 (42856099521)
Downtown Calgary June 2018 (42856099521)

Other important industries include manufacturing, aerospace, and health and wellness. The city also supports film and television, transportation, logistics, retail, and tourism.

Calgary is home to the second-largest number of corporate head offices in Canada. Downtown Calgary contains more skyscrapers than any other municipality in Western Canada.

In 2022, it was ranked as the third most livable city globally. This ranking placed it first in both Canada and North America.

The name "Calgary" has specific historical roots. It was named after Calgary Castle on the Isle of Mull in Scotland.

Richard Bedford Bennett
Richard Bedford Bennett

Colonel James Macleod, a leader in the North-West Mounted Police, suggested this name. He had been a frequent summer guest at the Scottish castle. In 1876, the name was officially established for Fort Calgary. However, many Indigenous groups use different names for the area. The Blackfoot, Nakoda, Cree, Tsuut’ina, and Kutenai peoples all have names related to the land. Many of these names refer to the "elbow" shape of the rivers.

9A Street LRT bridge - Bow River Pathway - panoramio
9A Street LRT bridge - Bow River Pathway - panoramio

In the Blackfoot language, the name means "elbow many houses." The Slavey language refers to the area as "many horse town."

Indigenous peoples have inhabited this region for a very long time. Evidence shows pre-Clovis people were present at least 11,000 years ago.

Dilmaghanian00711
Dilmaghanian00711

The area has been home to the Niitsitapi, îyârhe Nakoda, Tsuut’ina, and Métis Nation. David Thompson was the first recorded European to visit the area in 1787. He was a cartographer and fur trader with the Hudson's Bay Company. He spent a winter with a band of the Piikani Nation. Later, John Glenn became the first documented European settler in 1873. These early encounters helped shape the history of the region.

Modern settlement grew through organized police and railway expansion. In 1875, the North-West Mounted Police established Fort Calgary.

FortCalgary1878
FortCalgary1878

They intended to protect the western plains and the fur trade. The Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area on August 15, 1883.

1st Street West, Calgary, Alta
1st Street West, Calgary, Alta

This connection changed the town's geography significantly. The railway station was built on Section 15 near the Elbow River. Because of the difficulty of crossing the river, the town center moved to Section 15. The arrival of the railway also brought the first edition of the Calgary Herald. This weekly newspaper began publishing on August 31, 1883.

As the settlement grew, residents organized a local government. In early 1884, a civic committee was formed to represent public interests.

Calgary city hall1
Calgary city hall1

This committee successfully requested funds for a bridge over the Elbow River. On November 27, 1884, the Town of Calgary was officially incorporated. The first mayor, George Murdoch, was elected in a landslide victory. The new council also established a local police force. They appointed John "Jack" S. Ingram as the first chief constable. This force was created to manage local law and order independently.

Calgary Police (2011)
Calgary Police (2011)

Calgary is also a major destination for international events. In 1988, it became the first Canadian city to host the Olympic Winter Games.

2020 Calgary Saddledome
2020 Calgary Saddledome

Athletes competed at venues like the Olympic Oval and McMahon Stadium.

McMahon Stadium
McMahon Stadium

The city is also famous for the Calgary Stampede.

2017 Calgary Stampede - Day Eight (9) (35890971326)
2017 Calgary Stampede - Day Eight (9) (35890971326)

This event includes traditions such as rounding up cattle.

Today, the city continues to be a major center for culture and industry in Canada.

641 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (28)
File:FortCalgary1878.jpg
FortCalgary1878.jpg
File:Big fire on 9th Avenue SE, Calgary, Alberta.png
Big fire on 9th Avenue SE, Calgary, Alberta.png
File:1st Street West, Calgary, Alta.jpg
1st Street West, Calgary, Alta.jpg
File:Rounding up for the first Calgary Stampede (38085634056).jpg
Rounding up for the first Calgary...
File:Program for 1912 Calgary Stampede.jpg
Program for 1912 Calgary Stampede.jpg
File:Richard Bedford Bennett.jpg
Richard Bedford Bennett.jpg
File:Trolleybus next to Hudson's Bay Company store in Calgary in 1971.jpg
Trolleybus next to Hudson's Bay Company...
File:Calgary by Sentinel-2.jpg
Calgary by Sentinel-2.jpg
File:Urban living Calgary Alberta. (38816447984).jpg
Urban living Calgary Alberta. (38816447984).jpg
File:Dilmaghanian00711.JPG
Dilmaghanian00711.JPG
File:2021 Calgary Population Pyramid.png
2021 Calgary Population Pyramid.png
File:Epcor Centre 5.jpg
Epcor Centre 5.jpg

+ 16 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.