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Cairo Metro

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The Cairo Metro is a high-capacity rapid transit system in Greater Cairo, Egypt. It serves as a vital transportation artery for one of the most densely populated megacities in Africa and the Middle East. The system is owned and operated by the National Authority for Tunnels. As a major piece of infrastructure, it helps move millions of people through a massive urban area.

CAIRO METRO
CAIRO METRO

By providing a way to bypass heavy street traffic, the metro ensures that the city remains functional despite its immense size.

The metro system operates through a network of distinct, colored lines that use different technologies. Line 1, the blue line, is the oldest and uses an overhead line system to provide electricity to the trains. Line 2, the red line, was established later and utilizes a third rail electrification system. This means power is drawn from a third rail on the ground rather than wires above. Line 3, the green line, is the newest addition to the network. This line is notable because it crosses under both branches of the Nile River.

Cairo Rapid Transit map
Cairo Rapid Transit map

Each line follows specific paths through bored tunnels or elevated sections to reach various parts of the city.

Line 1 serves as the backbone of the system and connects Helwan to El-Marg. It features 35 stations and covers a significant distance. The trains on this line consist of three units, totaling nine cars per train. These trains run with a headway, or time between trains, of 3.5 to 4 minutes. This allows Line 1 to carry up to 60,000 passengers per hour in each direction. The line also uses a train driving simulator to help with operations.

Line 2 provides essential connectivity from Shubra El-Kheima to El Mounib. It consists of 20 stations, 12 of which are located underground. Much of this line is built using bored tunnels, though some sections are elevated or use cut-and-cover construction. Line 2 is famous for including the first tunnel built under the Nile River. The minimum headway for Line 2 is slightly faster than Line 1, ranging from 2.7 to 3 minutes.

Cairomerto
Cairomerto

Line 3 is currently undergoing significant expansion through several distinct phases. Phase 1 opened in 2012, connecting Attaba to Abbassia. Subsequent phases have extended the line to Al Ahram and through the Rod El-Farag Corridor. As of May 2024, the line has reached Cairo University. The ultimate goal for Line 3 is to eventually connect to the Cairo International Airport. This line also utilizes bored tunnels to navigate the complex geography of the city.

The history of the Cairo Metro began with early proposals in the 1930s by engineer Saiyed Abdel Wahed. However, the project did not move forward until decades later. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, experts from France, the Soviet Union, and Japan all studied the city's needs. In 1970, the French company SOFRETU won an international tender to conduct a major study. This study, finished in 1973, concluded that three lines were necessary to solve Cairo's transport problems.

Cairo Rapid Transit map
Cairo Rapid Transit map

Construction of the first line finally began in 1982 following a loan from the French government.

The impact of the metro on Cairo's capacity is massive. Before the metro was built, the city's public transport could handle about 20,000 passengers per hour. After the metro was implemented, that capacity increased to 60,000 passengers per hour. By 2013, the system was carrying nearly 4 million passengers every single day. As of May 2024, the network has grown to include 84 stations. Five of these are transfer stations, which allow passengers to switch between different lines.

Safety and social policy are also integrated into the metro's daily operations. Since 1989, the fourth and fifth cars of each train have been reserved for women. This policy was introduced to protect women from sexual harassment. Passengers can identify these cars by looking for blue signs, though the signs are pink on the first two lines. The metro operates from 05:00 to 01:00 daily, except during the month of Ramadan when it stays open until 02:00. The remaining hours are used for essential maintenance work to keep the system running smoothly.

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File:CAIRO METRO.jpg
CAIRO METRO.jpg
File:Cairomerto.jpg
Cairomerto.jpg
File:Cairo Rapid Transit map.png
Cairo Rapid Transit map.png
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