Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🌍

Body of water

earth science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A body of water is any significant accumulation of water on the Earth's surface.

Lysefjorden fjord
Lysefjorden fjord

This term describes a massive variety of physiographical features. It covers everything from the vast oceans to tiny puddles. Some bodies of water are stationary, while others are constantly in motion. For example, lakes and oceans primarily hold water in one place. In contrast, rivers and streams are designed to collect and move water from one location to another. When these moving bodies of water are large enough for ships to travel through, they are called waterways.

Water moves through various processes driven by physical forces. Gravity is a primary driver of water movement on our planet. Gravity pulls water downhill, which creates the flow in rivers and streams. This same force is responsible for creating tidal effects in the oceans. Water can also be categorized by where it is located. Scientists look at surface water, which sits on top of the land. They also study underground water and rainwater. Even frozen water, such as glaciers, functions as a moving body of water.

There are many distinct types of water features found across the globe. Coastal features include bays, which are areas of water bordered by land on three sides. A gulf is similar to a bay but is generally larger. A cove is a smaller, circular, or round inlet with a narrow entrance. Fjords are very specific coastal features. A fjord is a narrow sea inlet located between steep cliffs or slopes.

Lysefjorden fjord
Lysefjorden fjord

Other features include lagoons, which are shallow salt or brackish water bodies separated from the sea by sandbanks or coral reefs.

Inland water features also vary greatly in shape and function. A lake is a large body of fresh water contained on land. Ponds are smaller than lakes and can be natural or artificial. Rivers are natural waterways formed by precipitation or glacial meltwater. They flow from higher ground to lower ground. Sometimes a river changes its course, leaving behind a U-shaped lake called an oxbow lake. In Australia, these still bodies of water created by river changes are known as billabongs. Small streams are often called brooks, creeks, or rivulets depending on the region.

Human engineering has also created many significant bodies of water. An impoundment is an artificially created body of water made by damming a source. The most common type is a reservoir, which is used to store water for drinking or recreation. Dams act as barriers to restrict the flow of surface or underground water. People also construct harbors to provide shelter for ships from ocean weather and currents. While many harbors are natural bays, many others are built through construction. Canals are another example of artificial waterways used to connect different bodies of water.

Climate change is currently putting significant pressure on all water bodies. Rising global temperatures cause glaciers and polar ice to melt. This melting leads to rising sea levels, which can cause flooding in coastal areas. Changes in precipitation patterns also impact freshwater sources. Rivers and lakes are experiencing more frequent droughts, which affects water availability for humans and biodiversity. Furthermore, the ocean is facing a process called acidification. This happens because the ocean absorbs increased amounts of carbon dioxide. Ocean acidification threatens marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs.

Understanding these systems is vital for managing our planet's resources. Oceans are massive, covering approximately 71% of the Earth's surface. Because water connects different ecosystems, changes in one area can affect many others. For instance, the melting of an ice sheet can influence sea levels thousands of miles away. Global efforts are now focused on sustainable water management. This helps mitigate the impacts of climate change on our diverse water systems.

Aubach (Wiehl) nahe dem Weiherdamm in Wildbergerhütte
Aubach (Wiehl) nahe dem Weiherdamm in Wildbergerhütte
619 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (2)
File:Aubach (Wiehl) nahe dem Weiherdamm in Wildbergerhütte.jpg
Aubach (Wiehl) nahe dem Weiherdamm in...
File:Lysefjorden fjord.jpg
Lysefjorden fjord.jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.