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Bering Sea

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Northern Pacific Ocean. It acts as a major divider between Eurasia and the Americas. This sea, along with the Bering Strait, separates the two largest landmasses on Earth.

Beringian Margin canyons
Beringian Margin canyons

The sea consists of a deep water basin. This basin rises through a narrow slope into shallower waters above the continental shelves. The sea is bordered by Alaska to the east and northeast. The Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula border it to the west. To the south lie the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands. In the far north, the Bering Strait connects the sea to the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean.

Geologically, the area has a complex history. A small portion of the Kula Plate is located within the Bering Sea. The Kula Plate is an ancient tectonic plate. It used to subduct, or sink, under Alaska. The sea also contains 16 submarine canyons. The largest of these is the Zhemchug Canyon.

Beringian Margin canyons
Beringian Margin canyons

In 2018, a large meteor exploded above the sea. This event occurred at an altitude of 25.6 kilometers. The explosion released 49 kilotons of energy.

The ecosystem of the Bering Sea is extremely productive. This productivity is driven by two main factors. First, the shelf break is a dominant driver. This is the zone where the shallow continental shelf drops into the North Aleutians Basin. Scientists call this zone the "Greenbelt." Nutrient upwelling occurs here as cold water flows up the slope. This mixing provides nutrients for the growth of phytoplankton.

Snailfish
Snailfish

The second driver is seasonal sea ice. When sea ice melts, it triggers a spring phytoplankton bloom. The melting ice causes an influx of lower salinity water. This creates stratification, which is the layering of water. This process has important hydrographic effects on productivity. The ice also provides a surface for algae to grow. This creates a vigorous and complex food web.

Many different species depend on this environment. The sea supports many whale species, including the blue whale and the humpback whale. It is home to the endangered fin whale and the very rare North Pacific right whale. Other mammals include walruses, orcas, and polar bears.

Noaa-walrus17
Noaa-walrus17

The region is also vital for seabirds. Over 30 species of seabirds breed here. This includes about 20 million individual birds. Some species, like the crested auklet, have colonies of over a million individuals.

Humans have a long history with this region. The sea is named after Vitus Bering. He was a Danish-born Russian navigator. In 1728, he was the first European to systematically explore the area. During the Last glacial period, sea levels were much lower. Scientists believe a land bridge called Beringia once existed. This bridge may have allowed humans and megafauna to migrate between Asia and North America.

Choris, Saint Paul
Choris, Saint Paul

Today, the Bering Sea supports massive commercial fisheries. People catch Pacific cod, salmon, and various flatfish. Shellfish like red king crab and snow crab are also very important.

Kingcrabpile
Kingcrabpile

These fisheries are a major part of the economy. U.S. commercial fisheries catch about $1 billion in seafood annually. Russian fisheries in the Bering Sea are worth about $600 million annually. The Alaskan king crab and snow crab seasons are even featured on television.

However, the ecosystem is facing significant changes. In the summer of 1997, warm water caused a massive bloom of coccolithophorid phytoplankton. Scientists use carbon isotopes in bowhead whale baleen to study these trends. These records suggest a 30% to 40% decline in average seasonal primary productivity over the last 50 years. This means the carrying capacity of the sea may be lower now. Because of changes in the Arctic, the future of this ecosystem remains uncertain.

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🖼️ Images & Media (6)
File:Beringian Margin canyons.png
Beringian Margin canyons.png
File:Choris, Saint Paul.jpg
Choris, Saint Paul.jpg
File:Noaa-walrus17.jpg
Noaa-walrus17.jpg
File:Snailfish.jpg
Snailfish.jpg
File:Kingcrabpile.jpg
Kingcrabpile.jpg
File:Aerial view of Tutakoke Bird Camp, Coast of the Bering Sea just south of Hooper Bay, Alaska, near Chevak, Alaska.jpg
Aerial view of Tutakoke Bird Camp, Coast...
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