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Beijing Subway

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The Beijing Subway is a massive rapid transit system serving the Beijing Municipality. It is a vital piece of infrastructure that moves millions of people through the city every day. The network currently consists of 30 different lines. These include 25 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line, and two light rail tram lines.

Beijing Subway simplified logo
Beijing Subway simplified logo

With 524 stations, the system covers 12 urban and suburban districts. It even extends into the Langfang district of Hebei province. In December 2023, the Beijing Subway became the longest metro system in the world by route length. It achieved this by surpassing the Shanghai Metro.

Beijing-Subway en
Beijing-Subway en

The subway operates through a complex series of lines that follow the city's layout. Most lines in the urban core follow a checkerboard pattern. They run either parallel or perpendicular to each other. This creates a grid that makes navigation easier.

Beijing Subway System Map
Beijing Subway System Map

A major feature is the Line 10 loop. This line runs beneath or just beyond the Third Ring Road. It acts as an outer loop that defines the urban core. Most other lines in the center intersect with this loop.

Beijing Subway Line 10 Transfer Corridor
Beijing Subway Line 10 Transfer Corridor

Some lines, like Line 1 and Line 2, serve even older parts of the city. Line 2 is a rectangular loop that traces the old Ming-era city wall. It stops at 11 former gates that are now busy intersections.

前门站2号线出入口
前门站2号线出入口

Fares for the Beijing Subway are calculated using a distance-based system. For most lines, the price depends on how far you travel. A trip of up to 6 km costs ¥3. For the next 6 km, the price increases to ¥4. This pattern continues with ¥1 increases for every 10 km until the trip reaches 32 km. After 32 km, the fare increases by ¥2 for every 20 km traveled. For example, a 40 km trip costs ¥7.

The airport lines use different rules. The Capital Airport Express has a fixed fare of ¥25 per ride. The Daxing Airport Express offers class-based fares. Passengers can choose an ordinary class or a business class seat. Ordinary fares vary from ¥10 to ¥35, while business class is a fixed ¥50.

Interior of Beijing Subway Line5 Train 20181016
Interior of Beijing Subway Line5 Train 20181016

Passengers use several methods to pay for their journeys. Many people use the Yikatong card, also known as the Beijing Municipal Administration & Communication Card. This is an integrated circuit card. It stores credit for the subway and urban buses. It can even store e-money for other purchases.

Riders can also use the Yitongxing smartphone app. This app allows users to buy unlimited-ride tickets. These tickets are valid for periods of one to seven days. As of January 2025, passengers can also tap contactless payment cards, including international credit cards.

Wangfujing station 02
Wangfujing station 02

To prevent fraud, passengers must complete their trips within four hours. If they stay longer, they must pay a ¥3 surcharge.

The history of the system shows rapid growth over many decades. The Beijing Subway opened in 1971. This makes it the oldest metro system in China and on the mainland of East Asia.

History of Beijing Subway en
History of Beijing Subway en

In its early years, the system was very small. It had only two lines. A period of rapid expansion began in 2002. Since then, the network has grown to include many more routes. A very recent expansion occurred on December 27, 2025. This expansion included the opening of Line 18 and extensions for Line 6 and Line 17.

YUQUANLU Station 20181117
YUQUANLU Station 20181117

The scale of the system's ridership is truly massive. In 2018, the subway delivered 3.8484 billion trips. This averages out to about 10.544 million trips every single day. The system set a single-day ridership record on July 12, 2019. On that day, 13.7538 million people used the subway.

Beijing Subway network during the 2008 Summer and 2022 Winter Olympic Games
Beijing Subway network during the 2008 Summer and 2022 Winter Olympic Games

Because of this high volume, the system was the busiest metro in the world before the COVID-19 pandemic. To keep up with demand, the Phase 2 Construction Plan aims to serve 18.5 million trips every day.

Beijing-Subway-Plan en
Beijing-Subway-Plan en

The subway also serves important social functions through its fare policies. Certain groups of people can ride for free. This includes senior citizens over the age of 65. It also includes individuals with physical disabilities. Other free riders include retired revolutionary cadres and military personnel who were wounded in action.

Wheelchair space A of 306Mp2 (20190919111815)
Wheelchair space A of 306Mp2 (20190919111815)

Additionally, children below a certain height can ride for free if they are with a paying adult. These rules help ensure the system is accessible to all members of the community. The subway connects the busy city center to far-away suburbs and even nearby provinces.

Capital Metro (Black and White version)
Capital Metro (Black and White version)
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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:Beijing Subway System Map.svg
Beijing Subway System Map.svg
File:Beijing-Subway en.svg
Beijing-Subway en.svg
File:Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg
Beijing Subway simplified logo.svg
File:BeijingMTROA.svg
BeijingMTROA.svg
File:Capital_Metro_(Black_and_White_version).jpg
Capital_Metro_(Black_and_White_version).jpg
File:BeijingPublicTransport.svg
BeijingPublicTransport.svg
File:Beijing-Subway-Plan en.png
Beijing-Subway-Plan en.png
File:五里桥车辆段鸟瞰2.JPG
五里桥车辆段鸟瞰2.JPG
File:History of Beijing Subway en.gif
History of Beijing Subway en.gif
File:YUQUANLU Station 20181117.jpg
YUQUANLU Station 20181117.jpg
File:前门站2号线出入口.JPG
前门站2号线出入口.JPG
File:Beijing Subway in Construction - satellite image (1967-09-20).jpg
Beijing Subway in Construction -...

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