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Au hasard Balthazar

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Au hasard Balthazar is a landmark tragedy film released in 1966. It was written and directed by the French filmmaker Robert Bresson. The movie follows the entire life of a donkey named Balthazar.

Set in the French countryside near the Pyrenees, the story explores the human condition through the eyes of an animal. Bresson uses the donkey to show different sides of human nature. Some people treat Balthazar with compassion, while others treat him with extreme cruelty. Because of its deep emotional impact, the film is frequently cited as one of the greatest cinematic works of all time.

The film's narrative follows a specific sequence of events in Balthazar's life. It begins when young children, Jacques and his sisters, adopt a baby donkey on a farm. They name him Balthazar and baptize him. As the years pass, the donkey is passed between various owners. He works for farmhands, a local bakery, and a greedy miller.

Balthazar also spends time with a man named Arnold, who uses him to guide tourists. Eventually, the donkey is used by a criminal named Gérard to transport contraband. This journey through different hands illustrates the changing circumstances of the people around him. Each owner represents a different aspect of how humans interact with the world.

Balthazar's life is defined by several distinct stages of ownership and experience. In his youth, he experiences the simple affection of children and a stable farm life. As he matures, he enters a period of hard labor and neglect. He is used for delivery work and later for heavy tasks like pumping water and milling grain.

There is also a period of recovery when Arnold takes him in after an attempt on the donkey's life. The final stage of his life is marked by tragedy and violence. He is eventually caught up in a criminal scheme involving the Spanish border. This progression from innocence to hardship is a central part of the film's structure.

Robert Bresson drew inspiration from several literary and philosophical sources. He believed the film was inspired by a passage in the novel The Idiot, written by Fyodor Dostoyevsky between 1868 and 1869.

He also used the character of Marie to reflect ideas from Bernanos' novel, La Joie. Bresson even intended for Balthazar's death to mirror a priest's death from that same book. Furthermore, the director incorporated themes from Jansenism to explore human nature. He compared the film's premise to the life of Saint Ignatius. These influences helped shape the film's profound spiritual and philosophical depth.

The production of the film involved unique technical and artistic choices. Bresson was known for his ascetic directorial style, which emphasizes simplicity. He often cast nonprofessional actors to achieve a specific type of realism. Anne Wiazemsky, who played Marie, noted that Bresson did not try to teach her how to act. Instead, he allowed her to feel the raw emotions of the role.

The cinematographer, Ghislain Cloquet, created a style of subtle, sun-dappled radiance. He used lighting to make even the grey tones appear to glisten. The editing was handled by Raymond Lamy, a veteran who had worked in French cinema since 1931.

Critical reception of the film has been powerful and varied. When it first played in New York in 1966, it received mostly unfavorable notices. However, European critics were glowing in their praise. The filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard called the film "the world in an hour and a half."

Critic Roger Ebert praised Bresson's approach, calling it a "cinema of empathy." He noted that Bresson never used "reaction shots" for the donkey, which forced the audience to empathize more deeply. On the website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rare 100% approval rating from 45 reviews. Metacritic also gave it a "Must-See" designation with a score of 98 out of 100.

The film's legacy continues through awards and influence on other artists. At the 1966 Venice Film Festival, it won the OCIC Award, the San Giorgio Prize, and the New Cinema Award. The San Giorgio Prize was specifically for works considered important for the progress of civilization.

The film also served as the inspiration for the 1977 Tamil-language film Agraharathil Kazhutai, directed by John Abraham. This shows how Bresson's ideas traveled across different cultures and languages. Today, the film remains a vital subject for those studying the intersection of cinema, spirituality, and empathy.

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