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Amnesty International

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Amnesty International is a global non-governmental organization dedicated to human rights. A non-governmental organization, or NGO, is a group that operates independently of any government. The organization is headquartered in the United Kingdom. Its stated mission is to campaign for a world where every person enjoys the rights found in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This document is a key international instrument that outlines fundamental freedoms. Today, the organization claims to have more than ten million members and supporters worldwide.

Amnesty (494638036)
Amnesty (494638036)

The organization functions through research, information, and education. Amnesty researchers investigate human rights violations to highlight them to the public. They provide reports that are frequently cited by the media and world leaders. The group also performs direct actions to support individuals. This includes sending observers to witness legal trials. They also provide support to the families of prisoners. In some cases, they help prisoners find asylum or employment in other countries.

Amnesty International Sections 2012
Amnesty International Sections 2012

The history of the organization began in London in July 1961. An English barrister named Peter Benenson founded the group. Benenson was inspired by a news story about two students in Portugal. These students were sentenced to seven years in prison for drinking a toast to liberty. At that time, Portugal was ruled by an authoritarian government called the Estado Novo. Benenson wrote an article titled "The Forgotten Prisoners" for The Observer newspaper. This article launched the "Appeal for Amnesty, 1961." He used this appeal to mobilize public opinion for "prisoners of conscience." These are individuals imprisoned because of their religious beliefs or their personal opinions.

Meguro 2014 amnesty international
Meguro 2014 amnesty international

As the years passed, the scope of Amnesty International expanded. Originally, the group focused almost entirely on prisoners of conscience. During the 1970s, under leaders Seán MacBride and Martin Ennals, the remit widened. The organization began addressing issues like torture and miscarriages of justice. In 1977, Amnesty International was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. This honor recognized its defense of human dignity against torture. The organization's membership grew from 15,000 in 1969 to 200,000 by 1979.

HumanRightsNowPhiladelphia
HumanRightsNowPhiladelphia

Leadership has changed many times as the organization grew. Thomas Hammarberg served as secretary general during the 1980s. Pierre Sané led the organization throughout the 1990s. During his tenure, membership rose to over seven million people in more than 150 countries. Irene Khan served as a leader in the 2000s. The organization also uses cultural events to raise awareness. In the 1980s, they organized major musical tours. These included the 1986 Conspiracy of Hope tour and the 1988 Human Rights Now! world tour. The latter tour played concerts on five continents over six weeks.

HumanRightsNowPhiladelphia
HumanRightsNowPhiladelphia

Amnesty International also works with large intergovernmental organizations. These are groups formed by multiple nations to work on global issues. The organization has held consultative status with the United Nations and UNESCO. It has also worked with the Council of Europe. Amnesty argued for the creation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. They also supported the establishment of the International Criminal Court in 2002. The group often advocates for the application of the UN's Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners.

Amnesty International Sections 2012
Amnesty International Sections 2012

The organization addresses many specific and complex global issues. They advocate for refugees, women, and religious minorities. They also work to end the death penalty. In the 1990s, Amnesty worked in South Africa to investigate police abuse. They also pressured the government to stop arms sales to the African Great Lakes region. The organization sometimes faces challenges when campaigning against large corporations. For example, in 1995, they attempted to highlight the role of Shell Oil in Nigeria. They faced difficulties because some media companies were also customers of that company. Despite these challenges, the group continues to use research and global mobilization to protect human rights.

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Aktionstag anlässlich des 100....
File:Meguro 2014 amnesty international.jpg
Meguro 2014 amnesty international.jpg
File:Cologne Germany Cologne-Gay-Pride-2014 Parade-12.jpg
Cologne Germany Cologne-Gay-Pride-2014...
File:WorldPride 2017 - Madrid - Manifestación - 170701 210636.jpg
WorldPride 2017 - Madrid - Manifestación...
File:Marche des fiertés rouen 20190504 - amnesty international.jpg
Marche des fiertés rouen 20190504 -...
File:Amnesty International Sections 2012.svg
Amnesty International Sections 2012.svg
File:Goodwin House2.JPG
Goodwin House2.JPG
File:AmInt2009MarchaGayDF.JPG
AmInt2009MarchaGayDF.JPG
File:HRM TLV 091211 212.jpg
HRM TLV 091211 212.jpg
File:HumanRightsNowPhiladelphia.jpg
HumanRightsNowPhiladelphia.jpg
File:Amnesty (494638036).jpg
Amnesty (494638036).jpg
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