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Amami Ōshima

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Amami Ōshima is a major island located in the Satsunan Islands of Japan. It is the largest island in the Amami archipelago. This island sits between the larger islands of Kyūshū and Okinawa. The East China Sea borders the island to the west. The Pacific Ocean lies to the east.

Amami-Oshima towns
Amami-Oshima towns

The island covers an area of 712.35 square kilometers. It is the seventh-largest island in the Japanese archipelago. Much of the land is protected within the Amami Guntō National Park. In 2021, UNESCO added it to a serial World Heritage Site list. This list includes several islands in the region.

The island was formed through volcanic activity. Its highest point is Mount Yuwanda, which rises above sea level. A coral reef surrounds the coastline of the island. During the last glacial period, the island may have hosted the northernmost coral reefs in Japan. The climate is classified as humid subtropical. This means the island has very warm summers and mild winters. A rainy season occurs from May through September. The island also faces frequent typhoons.

Amami city1
Amami city1

Human history on the island spans many eras. Stone tools prove people lived there during the Japanese Paleolithic period. Artifacts like pottery show contact with the Jōmon, Yayoi, and Kofun periods. The ancient chronicle Nihon Shoki mentions the island in 657 AD. During the Nara and early Heian periods, it served as a stop for envoys traveling to China. Mother of pearl was an important export to Japan. From 1571 to 1611, the Ryukyu Kingdom controlled the island. Later, the Shimazu clan invaded in 1609. The Tokugawa shogunate recognized their control in 1624.

Naze port2
Naze port2

Life on the island changed significantly through the modern era. Saigō Takamori was exiled to Amami Ōshima in 1859. He lived there for two years. After the Meiji Restoration, the island became part of Kagoshima Prefecture. Following World War II, the United States occupied the island. This occupation lasted until 1953 when control reverted to Japan. In 2001, a naval confrontation occurred near the island. A North Korean spy craft entered the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone. This six-hour battle ended with the sinking of the vessel.

Amami Airport2
Amami Airport2

Today, approximately 73,000 people live on Amami Ōshima. The population is divided into five municipalities. These include the city of Amami and the towns of Tatsugō and Setouchi. The villages of Uken and Yamato are also part of the island. Amami city is the largest, with 44,561 residents. The economy relies on agriculture, fishing, and shōchū distillation. Farmers grow sugar cane, rice, and sweet potatoes. The warm climate allows for two rice crops every year. Tourism is also a vital economic sector.

The island is famous for unique traditional crafts. One notable craft is Ōshima-tsumugi, a high-quality hand-crafted silk. This silk is used to make beautiful kimonos. The fabric is dyed with mud to create a black color. Some say it is one of the three greatest textiles in the world. The island is also a sanctuary for rare animals. The Amami rabbit is an endemic species found only here and on Tokunoshima. It is often called a living fossil. The Lidth's jay is another bird found only in this area.

Amami city1
Amami city1

Marine life around the island is incredibly diverse. Humpback whales are a major winter attraction for visitors. The North Pacific right whale also appears here. This is the most endangered whale species in the world. Amami is the only place in the East China Sea where they have been seen in 110 years. The island also marks the northern limit for dugongs. Leatherback turtles have even been seen nesting here. However, invasive mongooses once threatened local wildlife. Authorities launched an eradication campaign to protect the rabbits. They successfully removed the mongoose population by 2024.

Naze port2
Naze port2
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File:Amami-Oshima towns.svg
Amami-Oshima towns.svg
File:Amami city1.JPG
Amami city1.JPG
File:Naze port2.JPG
Naze port2.JPG
File:Amami Airport2.jpg
Amami Airport2.jpg
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