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Physical Science articles — Page 31

Explore matter, energy, chemistry and the physical laws that help explain everyday life. Choose an article below; its reading controls let you move between the available levels.

2,727 public articles · Page 31 of 57

Greenwich Mean Time

People use a special time. It comes from a place in London. This time helps us all stay on track. It helps us know when to meet. It is very helpful! Do you know what time it is?

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Grignard reaction

Scientists use a special way to build things. It helps join small parts together. This makes new things. It is very useful for science. Do you like to build things?

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Ground (electricity)

Wires help keep us safe. A wire goes into the ground. It takes bad power away. This helps stop a shock. It is a good way to stay safe. Do you see green wires?

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Ground state

Tiny things have levels of power. Most things like to stay low. This low state is called the ground state. It is the calmest way to be. It helps us know how things work. Do you like to rest too?

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Group 10 element

Some metals are in a special group. They are shiny and very hard. Some are used to make jewelry. Other kinds help make tools. We can find these metals in the ground. They are very useful to us. Do you like shiny things?

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Group 11 element

Some metals are very special. They are used to make coins. Copper, silver, and gold are in this group. They help carry electricity to our homes. These metals help us every day. Can you find a coin?

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Group 12 element

Some metals are in a special group. They can be hard or soft. One metal is a liquid. It flows like water. These metals help us make things. They are used in many tools. Do you know these metals?

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Group 3 element

These are special metals. They are shiny and silver. They can be soft. They do not help our bodies grow. They are found in rocks. Do you like shiny things?

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Group 4 element

Some metals are very hard. They look like silver. These metals stay strong. They do not rust easily. This helps them last a long time. Do you like strong things?

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Group 5 element

Some metals belong in a special group. They are very hard. They can stay strong even when it is hot. These metals are used to make things. Do you like to see strong things?

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Group 6 element

Some metals are in a special group. They can be very strong. One metal makes rubies look red. These metals help us make things. We use them in many ways. Do you like shiny things?

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Group 7 element

Some metals are in a special group. They are all shiny. Some are found in the ground. One is made in a lab. We use some in batteries. Can you find them?

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Group 8 element

Some metals are in a family. One is iron. It helps our bodies stay well. It also makes rust. We use these metals in many ways. Do you know any metals?

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Group 9 element

Some metals are very special. One metal makes glass look bright blue. Other metals are very rare. They can cost more than gold! These metals are hard and shiny. Do you like shiny things?

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Group (periodic table)

The table of bits has many columns. These columns are called groups. Things in a group act the same way. This helps us know how they work. It is like a big family. Do you see the rows?

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Group velocity

Waves move in a special way. You can see a group of waves. The whole group moves together. The little bumps move too. They can move at different speeds. This helps us see how things move. Can you see the waves?

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Gustav Fechner

Gustav was a smart man. He studied how we feel things. He looked at how we see color. This helps us learn about our minds. It is very cool! Do you like to learn new things?

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Gustav Ludwig Hertz

Gustav Hertz was a smart man. He loved to study how things work. He won a very big prize for his work. He learned a lot about tiny bits of matter. His work helped many people. Do you like to learn new things?

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Gyromagnetic ratio

Tiny bits in our world spin. They act like little magnets. When they spin, they move in a circle. This helps doctors see inside your body. It is very cool! Do you like magnets?

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Hagen–Poiseuille equation

Liquid moves through long tubes. It can flow through a straw. It flows through your lungs, too. This helps you breathe. It is very cool! Can you see how it moves?

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Half-cell

A half-cell is a small part. It has a metal piece. It sits in a liquid. It makes a tiny spark. This spark helps us make power. It is very cool to see. Do you like to learn?

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Half-life

Some things go away slowly. They lose half of what they have. This takes a set amount of time. It can happen to tiny bits. It can even happen to medicine in you. It is a neat way to measure time. Can you think of…

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Half-reaction

Things change in two ways. One part gives. One part takes. This helps make power. It can even make a battery. We use this to make things work. Do you like batteries?

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Halide

Some things are made of salts. These salts can help make light. They help street lights shine bright. They can also help make photos. We use them in many ways. Do you see bright lights?

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Hall effect

Tiny bits of power move in wires. A magnet can push these bits. They move to one side of the wire. This makes a small pull. It helps us see how things work. Can you find a magnet?

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Halocarbon

Some things are made by people. We use them for many jobs. They make our plastic toys. They can also make medicine. These things help us every day. Do you use plastic often?

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Haloform reaction

Some things change in a liquid. A mix can turn cloudy. It can make new things. This helps us test liquids. It can even make medicine. It is very cool. Can you see the cloud?

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Hammond's postulate

Tiny parts change shape. They move to make something new. This change is hard to see. We can guess how they look. We look at what they were. Or we look at what they become. Can you imagine tiny shapes moving?

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Hannes Alfvén

Hannes Alfvén was a smart man. He studied space. He found out how lights dance in the sky. He also learned how space works. His work helps us learn about stars. He won a big prize for his ideas. Do you like looking…

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Hans Geiger

Hans Geiger was a smart man. He studied how small things work. He made a tool to find tiny bits of energy. This tool helps us stay safe. He was a great thinker. Do you like to learn new things?

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Hans Georg Dehmelt

Hans was a man who loved science. He studied how tiny things work. He found a way to hold one tiny part of an atom. This helped him win a big prize. He was very smart. Do you like to learn new things?

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Harmonic

Music has many sounds. Some sounds are very high. You can make them on a string. Just touch the string lightly. It sounds like a bell. Do you like high notes?

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Hassium

Scientists made a new thing. It is called hassium. It is very small. It does not last long. It stays for only a few seconds. We made it in a lab. Can you find it in a book?

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HCL color space

We see many colors. Some are red or blue. Some are bright or dark. This tool helps us pick colors. It works like we see them. It helps us show data well. Do you have a favorite color?

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Heat capacity ratio

Air and gas can hold heat. Some gas holds more heat than others. This helps us know how sound moves. It also helps us know how things work. We can learn about the world this way. Do you like to learn?

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Heat engine

Some machines use heat to move. They take heat from a hot place. Then they move it to a cold place. This makes the machine work. It can help cars go. Do you see machines that use heat?

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Heaviside–Lorentz units

Scientists use special ways to measure things. Some ways use math to study light. This way makes math easier to do. It helps us learn about tiny bits of stuff. It makes the rules look clean. Can you imagine a new way…

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Heavy metals

Some metals are very heavy. They feel thick and solid. Gold and silver are some of them. They are in many things we use. They can even be bad for us. Do you know any metals?

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Heavy water

Some water is extra heavy. It is thicker than regular water. It can even taste a bit sweet. This water helps make power. It is used in big machines. Do you like to drink water?

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Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

He was a man who loved cold. He made gas turn into liquid. This was very, very cold. He won a big prize for his work. It helps us learn about our world. Do you like the cold?

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Heiligenschein

Do you see a bright spot? It is near your shadow. It happens when there is dew. Small drops of water act like lenses. They send light back to you. It looks like a halo. Can you find it?

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Heinrich Kayser

Heinrich was a man who loved science. He looked at light from the sun. He found a new thing in the air. This helped us learn about the world. He was a great thinker. Do you like to look at the sun?

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Heinrich Rohrer

A man named Heinrich Rohrer was a scientist. He lived in a place called Switzerland. He made a tool to see tiny things. This tool helps us learn. He won a big prize for his work. Do you like to look at small things?

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Helium-3

This is a tiny part of gas. It is very light. It can be found on the Moon. It might help us make power one day. It is a neat thing to find! Can you imagine finding it in space?

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Helium-4

Helium is a very light gas. It is found all over space. It is also on our Earth. It helps make the stars work. This gas is very special. Do you like to see stars?

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Helium atom

Helium is a tiny thing. It is made of small parts. Two parts move around the middle. These parts stay close together. It helps us learn about how things work. Do you want to learn more?

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Helium compounds

Helium is a very light gas. It does not like to join with other things. But it can join if you squeeze it very hard. This can happen deep inside big planets. Can you imagine a gas that turns solid?

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Helmholtz free energy

Some things have energy inside. This energy can do work. It helps things move or change. It stays the same if the heat does not change. It is a way to see how much power we can use. Can you find things with energy?

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