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Mathematics articles — Page 18

Explore the ideas and history behind numbers, shapes, patterns and mathematical thinking. Choose an article below; its reading controls let you move between the available levels.

1,419 public articles · Page 18 of 30

For printable practice and answer guides, visit Maths worksheets.

Ideal (ring theory)

Some numbers fit together in a special way. Even numbers are one example. If you add them, they stay even. If you multiply them, they stay even too. This helps us see patterns. Do you like finding patterns?

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Identity element

Some numbers do not change things. If you add zero, you stay the same. If you multiply by one, it stays the same. This helps us work with math. It is like a mirror. Can you find zero in your math books?

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Identity function

Some things stay the same. You can give it a number. It gives that same number back. It does not change anything. This helps us see what stays the same. It is a very simple rule. Can you think of other things that…

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Identity (mathematics)

Some math rules are always true. They work every single time. It is like a fair trade. One side always matches the other. This helps us solve puzzles. We can use them to learn more. Can you find a match?

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Identity matrix

Some math tools do not change things. They act like the number one. If you use them, things stay the same. It is like looking in a mirror. You see exactly what you expect. Can you find things that stay the same?

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If and only if

Some things go together. If one is true, the other is true. If one is false, the other is false. They are like a pair of shoes. You need both to walk well. Do you like things that match? Can you find two things that…

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Improper integral

We can find the space inside a shape. Sometimes the shape goes on for a long time. It might be very tall too. We can still find the space. It helps us learn about big things. Can you see the shape?

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Inclusion–exclusion principle

We can count things in groups. Sometimes we count the same thing twice. That is not right. We must take away the extra ones. This helps us get the right total. It is like a puzzle. Can you count your toys?

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Independence (probability theory)

Some things do not change each other. One thing happens. It does not change the next thing. This is like rolling a die. The first roll does not change the second roll. It is all separate. Do you like to play games…

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Indeterminate form

Sometimes math is a puzzle. We look at numbers that change. We want to know where they go. But some numbers do not tell us. They can go many ways. It is hard to guess. Can you find the answer?

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Indexed family

You can make a list of things. Each thing has its own spot. You can have many items in a list. Some items might be the same. This helps us keep things in order. It is a way to group things. Can you make a list of…

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Index (statistics)

We use many facts to tell a story. We group small facts together. This helps us see a big picture. It helps us understand the world. It is like a score for a group. Can you find patterns in your toys?

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Infimum and supremum

We can look at groups of numbers. Some numbers are bigger than all others in a group. Some numbers are smaller than all others. This helps us find a limit. It shows us where a group ends. Can you find a group of numbers?

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Infinitesimal

Some things are very small. They are smaller than anything you can see. They are not zero. They are just tiny. We call these tiny things infinitesimals. It is fun to think about them. Can you imagine something that…

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Inflection point

A line can bend in many ways. It can curve up or down. Sometimes the curve changes its way. This spot is a special place. It helps us see how shapes move. Can you find a curve?

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Informal fallacy

Sometimes we say things that are not right. They may sound good at first. But the reasons are not true. This can trick our minds. We want to find the truth. Can you listen for good reasons?

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Informal logic

We use words to share ideas. Sometimes people try to trick us. We can learn to think well. This helps us find the truth. It helps us talk to others. Do you like to share your ideas?

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Information set (game theory)

Sometimes we do not know everything. You might play a card game. You do not see the other cards. You must guess what to do. This helps you play well. Can you guess the right move?

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Ingrid Daubechies

Ingrid loves math. She uses math to look at pictures. Her work helps us see clear photos. She even helps look at old art. Math is a great tool. Do you like to use math?

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Initial and terminal objects

Math has special kinds of groups. Some groups have a first part. Some have a last part. One group can even have both! These help us find patterns. They help us see how things fit. Can you find a pattern today?

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Initial condition

Things start in a certain way. How things start helps us see what comes next. It is like the first step in a race. It helps us know the future. We can watch things grow or move. Where do you start your day?

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Injective function

Each thing gets its own spot. No two things share a spot. It is like a special rule. This helps us keep things neat. It makes sense to us. Can you find a pattern?

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Inner product space

Math helps us see shapes. We can use it to find the length of a line. It can even help us see the angle between two lines. This helps us understand how things fit together. Math is all around us. Can you find a shape?

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Integer partition

You can break a number into parts. You can use small groups to make a big number. We can draw these parts with dots or boxes. It is like sharing snacks with friends. Can you find different ways to make five?

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INTEGRAL

We can find the space inside a shape. It helps us find the size of a pool. It can even find the size of a ball. This helps us know how much water fits inside. It is like adding many tiny parts. Can you find shapes in…

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Integrating factor

Sometimes math puzzles are hard to solve. We can find a special number to help. We multiply the puzzle by this number. Now the puzzle is easier to fix. It helps us find the answer. Do you like solving puzzles?

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Integration by parts

Math can help us find areas. We can split one big shape into parts. This helps us solve hard problems. It is like a puzzle. We can find the answer more easily. Can you find shapes in your room?

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Integration by substitution

Math can help us solve hard puzzles. We can change a hard problem into an easy one. This helps us find the answer. It is like using a new way to look at things. We can make math work better for us. Do you like to…

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Intermediate value theorem

Imagine drawing a line. You do not lift your pencil. The line goes from low to high. It must pass through every step in between. It cannot skip any part. This helps us find things. Do you like to draw lines?

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Internal and external angles

Shapes have corners. Some corners are inside. Some corners are outside. They fit together well. This helps us draw shapes. Can you find a corner? Look at a box or a star!

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International Mathematical Union

Many people love math. They work together from all over the world. They share new ideas. They also give prizes to help people. This group helps math grow. Do you like math too?

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Interpolation

You can guess what is in the middle. We look at some dots. We see where they go. Then we draw a line. This helps us find new spots. Can you find the spots in between?

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Intersection graph

Think about many groups of things. Some groups might share a part. We can draw lines to show this. These lines connect the groups. It helps us see how they touch. It is like a map. Do you see patterns in your toys?

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Interval (mathematics)

Think of a long line of numbers. You can pick two numbers to mark a space. This space holds all the numbers in between. It has no gaps. This is called an interval. It helps us group numbers together. Can you find a…

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Intuitionistic logic

We use math to find truth. Sometimes we need to show how something works. We do not just guess. We find a real way to show it. This helps us use computers to check our work. Can you find a way to show a new idea?

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Invariant (mathematics)

Some things stay the same. You can move them around. You can turn them. They do not change. This helps us count things. It helps us see shapes. It is like a magic rule. Can you find something that stays the same?

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Inverse element

Some things can be undone. You can do a move and then do the opposite. This brings you back to the start. It is like turning a knob back. It helps us fix things. Can you think of something you can undo?

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Inverse hyperbolic functions

Math helps us find shapes. It can find a path. It can find how far to go. This helps us study heat and air. It is very cool. Can you find shapes in your room?

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Inverse trigonometric functions

Math can help us find shapes. We can use it to find an angle. We look at the sides of a shape. This helps us know how it turns. It is like a secret code for shapes. Can you find shapes in your room?

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Inversive geometry

Math can change shapes. You can flip shapes using a circle. A point inside moves far away. A point far away moves close. This helps solve hard puzzles. It is like magic with lines. Can you see the shapes change?

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Ioana Dumitriu

Ioana loves numbers. She was very good at math. She won big prizes for it. Now she is a teacher. She helps others learn math. Do you like to count?

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Isometry

Shapes can move in many ways. You can slide a shape. You can turn it too. The shape stays the same size. It does not get big or small. It stays just like it was. Can you find a shape that turns?

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Isomorphism theorems

Math can show how things match. It looks at how parts fit together. We can see if two groups are the same. This helps us understand shapes and numbers. It is a way to find patterns. Do you like finding patterns?

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Isosceles triangle

A triangle has three sides. Some triangles have two sides that are the same. These sides are like two long legs. The third side is the base. You can see these shapes on many buildings. Do you see any triangles?

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Iterated integral

We can count things in many ways. First we count one part. Then we count the next part. This helps us find a total. It helps us see a whole shape. It is like building with blocks. Can you count your blocks?

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Iteration

You can do things over and over. Each time you do it, you start again. This helps you learn a new skill. It also helps computers work. It is like practice. Do you like to practice things?

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Jacobian matrix and determinant

Some math helps us see change. It shows how shapes stretch or turn. It can even show if a shape gets bigger. This helps us work with many parts at once. It is a very smart way to look at things. Can you find shapes…

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Jacobi method

We use math to solve puzzles. We start with a guess. Then we try again and again. Each time we get closer to the right answer. It helps us find the truth. Can you try to guess?

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