Clay mineral
Clay is a soft earth. It gets sticky when wet. It gets hard when dry. People use it to make pots. It helps plants grow in soil. Do you like to play in the mud?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleEarth Science articles — Page 11
Explore rocks, volcanoes, weather, oceans and the processes that shape Earth. Choose an article below; its reading controls let you move between the available levels.
1,427 public articles · Page 11 of 30
Cleavage (geology)
Rocks can change deep in the ground. Pressure pushes on them. This makes the rock form flat layers. The layers help us learn about the Earth. It is very cool! Do you like rocks?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCliffed coast
Waves hit the land with force. This makes steep walls of rock. The waves eat the bottom of the wall. Then the top falls down. The land moves back. Can you see the high cliffs?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change adaptation
The Earth is changing. We can make plans to stay safe. We can build walls to stop floods. We can plant new trees too. These plans help us and nature. It is good to be ready. How can you help our world?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change feedbacks
The Earth is getting warmer. Some things make the heat grow. This can happen with ice melting. Other things help cool the Earth. It is a big cycle. Can you see the changes?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in Africa
The weather in Africa is changing. It is getting warmer there. The rain does not fall the same way. This makes it hard to grow food. It can also cause big floods. This matters to many people. Do you see the weather…
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in Antarctica
Antarctica is a very cold place. Now, it is getting warmer. The ice is starting to melt. This can make the sea rise. This matters to our whole world. Do you like the snow?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in Australia
The Earth is getting warmer. This can change the weather. It makes the land very dry. Big fires can happen too. This matters to animals and people. Do you see the changes?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in Brazil
The weather in Brazil is changing. It is getting hotter. There are more fires in the trees. This can make it hard to find water. We must help our world. Do you like the rain?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in Canada
The air is getting warmer. This happens in Canada. It can cause big fires. It can also cause big floods. This matters to all of us. We must help our Earth. Can you help too?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in Europe
The air in Europe is getting warmer. This can cause very hot days. It also makes more fires in the woods. This matters for all people and animals. We are working to help. Do you feel the heat?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in India
The air is getting warmer in India. This heat changes the weather. It can cause big floods. It can also make the land very dry. This matters to the people and animals. Do you see how the weather changes?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in Indonesia
Indonesia has many islands. It has big green forests. The air is getting warmer. This can cause big storms and floods. These changes can hurt animals and plants. We must help the Earth. Do you like trees?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in Japan
The air in Japan is getting warmer. This change can hurt plants and animals. It can also change the weather. This matters to all of us. Can you help the Earth stay cool?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change in the Middle East and North Africa
The Earth is getting warmer. This can make dry places even hotter. It can also make it hard to find water. This matters to many people. We can work to help. Do you want to learn more?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change mitigation
We can help our Earth. We can use sun and wind for power. We can also save energy at home. This helps keep our air clean. This is good for everyone. Can you help too?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate change vulnerability
Some places face more risk from weather. Changes in the air can hurt them. This can happen to people or plants. It is harder for some to stay safe. We can help them get ready. Do you want to learn more?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate model
Smart tools help us study our world. They show us how the air and sea work. These tools help us see the future. They help us stay safe. We can learn so much. Do you want to see how they work?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate of Antarctica
Antarctica is a very cold place. It is also very dry. Most of it is covered in ice. The snow stays frozen. This ice is very thick. It can even make the sea rise. Do you like the snow?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate of the Arctic
The Arctic is a very cold place. It has long, cold winters. The summers are short and cool. Much of the land has ice on it. The ocean water helps keep it from getting too cold. Do you like the snow?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate sensitivity
The air can change how warm our world is. More air can trap heat. This makes the Earth get warmer. This heat can melt ice. It is good to learn about this. Do you want to help our Earth?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClimate system
Earth has many parts. Air, water, and ice work together. Plants and animals live here too. These parts help make our weather. It is like a big team. Do you see the clouds today?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleClosure temperature
Rocks can hold tiny secrets. When rocks are hot, things move around. As they cool, they stop moving. This tells us how old they are. It helps us learn about our Earth. Can you find a rock?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCloudburst
A cloudburst is a lot of rain. It falls very fast. It can happen in five minutes. This can cause big floods. It is very loud too. Have you seen big rain?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCoastal geography
The land meets the sea. Waves hit the sand. They move the sand around. The water can change the shore. It can make new shapes. Do you like the beach?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCoastal management
People live near the sea. The water can wash land away. We build walls to stay safe. These walls help stop floods. We work to keep our homes dry. Do you like the beach?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCoastal plain
Some land is flat and low. It sits near the sea. It can form when the sea goes down. It can also form when rivers bring dirt to the sea. This land is a nice place to visit. Can you find a flat place near the water?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCobaltite
This is a special rock. It has a metal inside. This metal is very useful. Long ago, people thought it was magic. It helps us make things. Do you like shiny rocks?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCobble (geology)
A cobble is a round rock. It is bigger than a pebble. It is smaller than a big boulder. You can find them at the beach. They are fun to roll! Do you like to find rocks?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCocos plate
A big piece of the sea floor moves. It is under the blue water. It can push under other pieces. This makes volcanoes and shakes the ground. It can even make big earthquakes. Do you want to see a map?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCold wave
The air gets very cold very fast. This is called a cold wave. It can freeze water in pipes. It can also freeze plants in the ground. We must wear warm clothes. Are you ready for the cold?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleColemanite
This is a special rock. It can help make glass that stays strong in heat. Some of it is found in Turkey. It was named for a man. It is a cool find. Do you like rocks?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleColtan
Coltan is a dark rock. It is found in the ground. We use it to make phones. It also helps make computers work. This rock helps us stay connected. Do you use a phone?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleColumbia Icefield
There is a big field of ice. It sits in high mountains. The ice is very cold. It helps make many rivers. This place is very grand. Do you like the snow?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleColumbia River Basalt Group
A long time ago, hot rock flowed. It was like red soup. It covered the land. This rock is now very hard. It makes big hills. Can you find these rocks?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleComplex volcano
Some volcanoes are very big. They have many parts. These parts can be many small hills. They can also be large holes. These shapes change over a long time. They are part of our world. Can you find one on a map?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleConcretion
Some rocks are very hard. They grow in the ground. They can look like round balls. Sometimes they hide a fossil inside. These rocks are special. Can you find a round rock?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleConfluence
Two rivers can meet. This is called a confluence. The water joins together. Sometimes the colors look different. It can make a new river. Big cities grow near these spots. Do you like to watch water flow?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleContact (geology)
Rocks can touch in many ways. Some rocks sit right next to each other. Other rocks break apart. Hot liquid rock can push into old rock too. This tells us how the Earth changed. Do you like looking at rocks?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleContinental climate
Some places have very different weather. Summers are hot. Winters are very cold. Snow stays on the ground for a long time. This happens far from the ocean. Do you like the snow?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleContinental crust
The land we walk on is very old. It is made of hard rock. This rock stays above the sea. It helps plants and animals live. It is much thicker than the sea floor. Do you like to walk on land?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleContinental fragment
Some land is far from the main ground. These pieces broke off a long time ago. They can be small islands in the sea. They are made of the same stuff as big lands. We can find them in the deep water. Have you seen a…
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleContinental margin
The ocean has a special edge. It starts at the beach. The water is shallow at first. Then it drops down deep. This edge is where the land meets the sea. Do you like the beach?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleContinental rise
Sand and mud sink to the deep sea. They make a soft hill on the ocean floor. This hill is very flat and wide. It helps the ocean floor grow. It is a big part of the sea. Do you like the ocean?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleConvergent boundary
Big pieces of Earth move. They crash into each other. One piece slides under the other. This can make mountains. It can also make volcanoes. Can you feel the ground shake? It is a busy world!
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCoral island
Some islands are made of coral. They grow in warm water. Tiny sea life builds them up. Fish love to live there. It is a busy home. Can you see the blue water?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCore–mantle boundary
Deep inside the Earth, layers meet. One part is solid. The other part is hot liquid. This spot is very far down. It helps make our world work. Can you imagine being that deep?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the articleCore sample
People take small tubes of rock. They use a big drill. The drill pulls the tube up. This helps us learn about the ground. It can even help doctors. Can you find a rock like this?
Early Reader · Change the reading level on the article