Yakama Indian Reservation

The Yakama Nation is a group of tribes.

They live on a big piece of land. This land is in Washington state. It has mountains and wide lands.

Many wild horses live there. They roam across the land. A large forest also grows there. The tribe works in the forest. They use the wood to make money.

Some people live in a city called Toppenish. The tribe has a group of leaders. They help make the rules. This land is a special home for the people.

The Yakama Nation is a group of many tribes.

They live on a large reservation in Washington state. This land is on the east side of the Cascade Mountains. It covers over 2,000 square miles.

In 1855, a treaty made this land a reservation. Some leaders felt the treaty was not fair. This led to a war between the tribes and the United States. Later, the government forced the Northern Paiute people to live there too. These people had to share food and homes with the Yakama. Eventually, the Paiute were able to return to Nevada.

Today, a tribal council of 14 members leads the people. The tribe has many ways to make money. They own a large forest and a lumber mill. They also run a casino. This casino is "dry," which means it does not sell alcohol. The tribe also works to keep their land safe. They manage big forests and care for wild horses that roam the land.

The Yakama Indian Reservation is a large area in Washington state.

It is home to the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation. This nation is made of several groups of people. These groups include the Klikitat, Palus, Wallawalla, Wenatchi, Wishram, and Yakama. The reservation sits on the east side of the Cascade Mountains. Much of the land is held in trust by the federal government. This helps the tribe manage the land for its members. About 80% of the land is held this way, while the rest is privately owned.

The land itself is very diverse and wide. It covers about 2,185 square miles in southern Washington. Most of this land is in Yakima and Klickitat counties. A huge part of the area is shrub-steppe rangeland. This land is home to many wild animals. For example, about 15,000 wild horses roamed the land in 2014. This was a very large number for the land to support. The largest city located on the reservation is called Toppenish.

The history of this land involves many important changes.

In 1855, a treaty was signed to create the reservation. Isaac Stevens was the governor of the Washington Territory at that time. Some Native leaders felt the treaty was not made correctly. They believed the representatives did not have the power to give away communal land. This disagreement led to the Yakima War from 1855 to 1858. Later, the government forced the Northern Paiute people to live on the reservation. These people lived there for over ten years before returning to Nevada in 1886.

Today, the Yakama Nation has its own way of governing.

A tribal council of 14 members is elected by the people. They make important rules for the reservation. For instance, the tribe has a rule that bans alcohol on tribal land. This includes their casino and their convenience stores. In 1994, the tribe decided to change how they spell their name. They changed it from Yakima to Yakama to match the 1855 treaty. The way the name sounds has not changed at all.

The tribe also works hard to manage its economy and land. They own one of the largest commercial forests in the country. This forest helps support a lumber mill that provides jobs. The tribe also runs a casino that is "dry," meaning it has no alcohol. Managing the land can be a hard job sometimes. In 2015, the Cougar Creek fire burned much of the reservation. The Yakama people responded by using salvage logging to help. They also work to provide services like free bus rides for members.

The Yakama Indian Reservation is a large territory located in southern Washington state.

It is the home of the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation. This nation is composed of several distinct groups, including the Klikitat, Palus, Wallawalla, Wenatchi, Wishram, and Yakama peoples. The reservation serves as a vital center for tribal governance, culture, and economic activity. It is a federally recognized entity, meaning the United States government officially recognizes its status as a sovereign tribe. This recognition is important for how the tribe manages its own lands and laws.

Geographically, the reservation sits on the eastern side of the Cascade Mountains. It covers approximately 2,185.94 square miles of land. This area spans primarily across Yakima and the northern edges of Klickitat counties. The eastern portion of Mount Adams is also located within these boundaries. The land is divided into two main types of ownership. About 80% of the land is held in trust by the federal government for the benefit of the tribe and its members. The remaining 20% of the land is privately owned.

The landscape includes vast areas of shrub-steppe rangeland. This covers about 410,000 acres of the reservation. In 2014, researchers noted that about 15,000 wild horses roamed these lands. This was considered an unsustainable population because it was many times larger than what the land could support. The largest city located within the reservation is Toppenish. The reservation has also faced natural challenges, such as the Cougar Creek fire in 2015. This wildfire burned about 80% of its area on reservation land. In response, the tribe used salvage logging to manage the affected forests.

The history of the reservation began with a treaty in 1855. This treaty was signed by Isaac Stevens, the Governor of Washington Territory, and representatives of the Yakama tribe. However, many Native leaders disagreed with the treaty. They believed the representatives lacked the authority to give away communal land. They also felt the full tribal council had not reached a consensus. This dispute led to the Yakima War, which lasted from 1855 to 1858. Later, following the Bannock War of 1878, the United States government forced the Northern Paiute people from Nevada onto the reservation. The Paiute lived there for over a decade under difficult conditions before returning to Nevada in 1886.

Governance of the Yakama Nation is managed by a 14-member tribal council. These members are elected by a vote of the tribe's people. The tribe's legal authority has changed over time due to federal laws. In 1963, Public Law 280 transferred most criminal and civil jurisdiction to the Washington state government. However, the tribe kept control over misdemeanors and traffic infractions. In 2016, full criminal jurisdiction over tribal members returned to the tribe. This included control over public assistance, domestic relations, and juvenile delinquency. The tribe also maintains strict rules regarding alcohol. In 2000, the council voted to ban alcohol on the entire 1.2-million-acre reservation. This ban includes tribal lands and even private lands owned by non-tribal members.

The economy of the Yakama Nation is complex and faces significant challenges. Many families face high rates of poverty and unemployment. A 2005 report showed that 42.8% of Yakama Nation families lived in poverty. There is also a serious housing crisis, with a wait list of 1,800 families for tribal housing in 2017. To address homelessness, some members built tiny houses, though these lack permanent plumbing. Despite these struggles, the tribe manages significant resources. They own one of the largest commercial forests in the United States. This forest supports a lumber mill that provides several hundred jobs. The tribe also operates a casino, though it is a "dry" facility that does not allow alcohol.

The tribe also works to manage social and public safety issues. In 2018 and 2019, the tribal council declared public safety crises due to rising crime and drug use. The council responded by increasing penalties for theft and assault. They also established a youth curfew and a hotline for reporting crimes. These actions were taken to address violent incidents and general unrest within the community. Additionally, the tribe has worked to protect its lands from outside commercial interests. For example, they challenged nearly 1,300 applications for marijuana business licenses in the surrounding area. These efforts show the tribe's ongoing commitment to managing their own territory and way of life.