Tettigoniidae

Katydids are bugs with very long feelers.

These feelers can be longer than their bodies. They live in trees and bushes. Many look like green leaves to hide.

Most katydids come out at night. The males make loud songs. They rub their wings together to sing.

This sound helps them find a mate.

Some katydids eat plants like seeds and flowers. Other kinds eat small bugs or snails. They can even eat tiny lizards!

Baby katydids are called nymphs. They look like small adults. Some look like ants or spiders to stay safe.

These bugs live on almost every land. Most of them live in warm, tropical places. They are amazing singers of the night.

Katydids are a large family of insects.

Many people call them bush crickets. There are more than 8,000 known species. They live on every continent except Antarctica. Most live in warm, tropical places.

You can tell them apart from grasshoppers by their long antennae. These feelers can be longer than their own bodies. Many katydids hide by looking like leaves. This is called camouflage.

Most katydids are active at night. Males make loud songs to find a mate. They use a way called stridulation to sing. This means they rub body parts together. They rub a comb-like part against a scraper on their wings.

Their diet varies by species. Some eat leaves, flowers, and seeds. Others are predatory. This means they hunt other animals. They may eat snails or even small lizards.

When they hatch, the babies are called nymphs. Some nymphs look like small adults. Others look like ants or spiders to stay safe. They grow through a series of molts. After five successful molts, they are ready to mate.

Katydids are a huge family of insects.

People also call them bush crickets. Some people used to call them long-horned grasshoppers. There are more than 8,000 known species in this group. They live on every continent except Antarctica. Most of these insects live in warm, tropical areas. For example, the Amazon basin has over 2,000 species.

Many katydids are nocturnal, which means they are active at night. They use camouflage to stay safe. They often have shapes and colors that look like leaves.

These insects have a very interesting way of making sound. Males have special organs on their front wings to sing. They use a process called stridulation to make noise. This means they rub two body parts together. One part acts like a file or a comb with ridges. The other part is a plectrum that runs over those ridges. This creates a vibration that sounds like a song.

The sound changes based on the insect's size and the width of its scraper. Some species even sing at a speed that shows the temperature outside.

Scientists have studied these insects for a long time. The family name Tettigoniidae comes from the genus Tettigonia. This name was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The name comes from Greek words that imitate the sound of a cicada. In North America, the name katydid is also onomatopoeic. This means the word sounds like the insect's song. The song sounds like "ka-ty-did." This name comes from a specific type of North American katydid.

Katydids have different ways to grow and eat. Eggs are often oval and stay in rows on plants.

Mothers use an ovipositor to place eggs in the right spot. This tool can be long or shaped like a sickle. When they hatch, the babies are called nymphs. Some nymphs look like small adults. Other nymphs look like ants, spiders, or flowers to hide from predators. They must go through about five molts to become adults. Some katydids eat leaves, but others are predators. They might hunt snails or even small lizards.

Life for a katydid involves many hard jobs. Males must compete to find a mate. They often give a food gift called a spermatophylax to the female. This gift helps the female produce more eggs.

Females use the male's song to judge how healthy he is. A louder and more fluent song is a sign of fitness. Some species, like the tuberous bush cricket, have very large testes. These make up 14% of their total body mass. This helps them mate quickly. This complex life shows how much insects rely on sound and food to survive.

Tettigoniidae is a diverse family of insects commonly known as katydids or bush crickets.

They belong to the suborder Ensifera and the superfamily Tettigonioidea. Currently, they are the only living family within that superfamily. With over 8,000 known species, they represent a massive group of organisms. Most species are nocturnal, meaning they are active during the night. They often use camouflage to blend into their surroundings. Many katydids have shapes and colors that mimic green leaves. This helps them hide from predators in the trees where they live.

To communicate, many katydids use a process called stridulation.

This happens when an insect rubs two body parts together to create vibrations. In most species, males use their fore wings to produce these sounds. One part of the wing acts as a file with many tiny ridges. The other part is called a plectrum, which acts as a scraper. As the plectrum runs over the ridges, it creates a song. The specific sound depends on the insect's size and the width of the scraper. Some species produce continuous songs known as trills. Interestingly, the tempo of these songs can change with the ambient temperature. In North America, you can estimate the temperature by counting chirps in 15 seconds and adding 37 to find the Fahrenheit reading.

Katydids exhibit various life stages and physical adaptations. Their eggs are usually oval and are often attached in rows to plants.

To place these eggs, females use a specialized organ called an ovipositor. This tool can be sickle-shaped for laying eggs in plant matter. Other species have long, uniform ovipositors for laying eggs in grass stems. When the eggs hatch, the young are called nymphs.

Some nymphs look like small, wingless versions of the adults. However, other species use mimicry to survive. These nymphs might look like ants, spiders, flowers, or even assassin bugs. This deception protects them from predators until they are large enough to defend themselves. They must undergo approximately five successful molts to reach adulthood.

Scientific study of this family dates back centuries. The name Tettigoniidae comes from the genus Tettigonia.

This genus includes the great green bush cricket, which was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The name is onomatopoeic, meaning it imitates a sound. In Greek, the root word refers to the sound of a cicada. Similarly, the common name "katydid" is onomatopoeic. It mimics the loud, three-pulsed song of the North American Pterophylla camellifolia. This specific subspecies is often called a "true katydid."

These insects are found on every continent except Antarctica. The majority of species live in tropical regions. For instance, the Amazon basin contains over 2,000 different species. However, they also exist in temperate regions, such as North America, which has about 255 species. Their diets vary greatly depending on the species. Most eat leaves, flowers, bark, or seeds. Some are exclusively predatory and hunt other insects, snails, or even small lizards. Some species, like Segestes gracilis, can even kill trees by eating their leaves. This makes them significant pests for certain crop growers.

Reproduction in Tettigoniidae involves intense competition and complex biological gifts. Males often provide a nuptial gift called a spermatophylax.

This is a nutritious body attached to the male's spermatophore. The female consumes this gift during mating. This distraction prevents her from eating the actual spermatophore. The nutrients from this gift can increase the female's reproductive output. Because of this, females use the male's song to judge his fitness. A louder and more fluent trill suggests a healthier, more nutritious male. This leads to high levels of male-male competition.

Biological trade-offs affect how these insects live and mate. Males face a choice regarding the size of their spermatophore. A large spermatophore makes a male more attractive to females. However, it limits him to mating only one or two times in his life. Conversely, males with smaller spermatophores can mate multiple times per night. This comes at the cost of lower selection by females. Some species show extreme biological specializations. The tuberous bush cricket, Platycleis affinis, has exceptionally large testes. These account for 14% of its total body mass. This massive proportion allows the insect to maintain a very fast remating rate.