Scat singing

Singers can use their voices like instruments.

They sing silly sounds without using real words. This is called scat singing. It can sound like a drum or a horn.

Louis Armstrong made this style very famous. He once sang nonsense sounds when his music fell down. This helped him make a hit song.

Some singers use sounds to be funny. Others use sounds to copy a big band. It is a fun way to play.

Can you make your own silly sounds?

Scat singing is a way to sing without using real words. Instead of words, singers use nonsense sounds called vocables. They use their voices like musical instruments. They can make the voice sound like a drum or a horn.

Many people have used these sounds for a long time. Some people in Ireland use sounds called lilting. In Germany, people use yodeling. Louis Armstrong made scat singing very famous in 1926. He sang a song called "Heebie Jeebies." A story says his sheet music fell on the floor. He did not know the words, so he made up sounds. That song became a huge hit!

Singers use scat in many ways. Some use it to be funny. Cab Calloway was a singer who used humor. Other singers use sounds to copy instruments. Ella Fitzgerald was a master of this skill. She could mimic the sound of a big band. Some singers use scat to make a rhythm. Even hip hop artists use it to plan their raps. They make a "skeleton" of sounds first. Then they add the words to the rhythm.

Scat singing is a special way to sing using nonsense syllables. Instead of using real words, singers use their voices like musical instruments. They might use sounds like "shoo-doo-shoo-bee" to make a melody. This style is called vocal improvisation. It means the singer makes up the music as they go along. This is different from vocalese, where singers sing real words to a melody that was first played by an instrument. Scatting allows a singer to show off their skill and creativity. It can be a very joyful way to share music with others.

Singers use many different ways to make their scatting sound unique. Some singers choose soft sounds to make the music feel smooth. Others use strong sounds to make the music feel bouncy or sharp. A singer might use their voice to copy a trumpet or a drum. For example, Ella Fitzgerald could mimic the sound of a big jazz band. Sarah Vaughan used different sounds to sound like a small group of musicians. Singers can also use humor by making funny sounds. Sometimes they even quote famous songs or nursery rhymes inside their scatting.

People have used wordless singing in many cultures for a long time. In Ireland, people use a style called lilting. In Germany, people use yodeling. In the United States, jazz musicians helped make scat singing famous. Many people think Louis Armstrong started it all with his 1926 song "Heebie Jeebies." A story says his music paper fell on the floor during the recording. He did not know the words, so he made up sounds to fill the space. That recording became a huge hit and changed music forever.

There are many famous names in the history of scatting. Before Armstrong, Gene Greene recorded scatting in songs like "King of the Bungaloos" between 1911 and 1917. Jelly Roll Morton said a man from Mississippi named Joe Sims was an early creator of scat. In the 1930s, the Boswell Sisters sang very complex scatting in harmony. A young Ella Fitzgerald practiced for hours to copy them. Later, singers like Betty Carter and Dizzy Gillespie kept the tradition alive. Even in 1994, a singer named Scatman John used these sounds in pop music.

Scatting is still used in many kinds of music today. Some singers use a style called vocal bass to sound like a bass player. They do this in groups called a cappella groups. Even hip hop artists use scatting to help them write. A rapper might make a "skeleton" of nonsense sounds first. They use those sounds to find a good rhythm for their rap. Once the rhythm is ready, they add the real words. This shows how scatting helps musicians find their flow.

Scat singing is a form of vocal improvisation used in jazz music. In this style, singers use wordless vocables or nonsense syllables instead of real words. The singer treats the human voice as a musical instrument rather than a medium for speech. This is distinct from vocalese, which involves singing recognizable lyrics to melodies previously played by instruments. Scatting allows musicians to explore melodies and rhythms through pure sound. It remains a vital part of jazz expression and creativity.

To perform scatting, a singer must master several technical elements. While the singing is improvised, musicians often use variations of scales and arpeggio fragments. They also rely on stock patterns and riffs, similar to instrumentalists. A key part of the process is the deliberate choice of syllables. These choices influence the pitch, articulation, and resonance of the performance. Different syllables can change how the voice sounds to the listener.

Singers use specific types of sounds to create their unique personal styles. Some artists prefer soft-tongued sounds, known as liquids, such as "louie-ooie-la-la-la." Others use fricatives, plosives, and open vowels, like the "shoo-doo-shoo-bee-ooo-bee" style of Sarah Vaughan. These choices can even mimic specific musical groups. For example, Ella Fitzgerald's style mimicked the sound of swing-era big bands. In contrast, Sarah Vaughan's style mimicked the smaller combos of the bop era.

Humor and musical quotation are also central to the art of scatting. Some performers, like Cab Calloway, used scatting to be funny. Others used "compressions," which involve quoting familiar tunes like nursery rhymes. Ella Fitzgerald famously used this technique during her 1960 live performance in Berlin. In that recording of "How High the Moon," she quoted over a dozen different songs. These included "The Peanut Vendor," "Heat Wave," and "A-Tisket, A-Tasket."

The history of wordless singing is found in many global traditions. Examples include Irish lilting, German yodeling, and Sámi joik. In American jazz, many people credit Louis Armstrong's 1926 recording of "Heebie Jeebies" as a major turning point. A popular story suggests Armstrong invented the gibberish melody because his sheet music fell off the stand. However, earlier examples exist from artists like Gene Greene between 1911 and 1917. Jazz pianist Jelly Roll Morton even credited Joe Sims from Mississippi as an early creator.

Following Armstrong's success, the medium saw widespread adoption across different eras. During the 1930s, The Boswell Sisters performed complex scatting in harmony. This inventive style served as a major influence on a young Ella Fitzgerald. As jazz moved into the bop era of the 1940s, vocal improvisation became even more advanced. Many famous singers joined this movement, including Dizzy Gillespie and Anita O'Day. Even in the 1960s, the style was used in the Disney film "The Jungle Book."

Today, scatting has evolved into several specialized forms. One form is vocal bass, where singers simulate the lines of a bass player. This is common in a cappella groups alongside vocal percussionists. Additionally, scatting influences modern hip hop production. Some rappers, like Tech N9ne, use scatting to create a rhythmic "skeleton." They build the flow of the rap using nonsense sounds before adding the final words. This shows how an old jazz tradition continues to shape new music.

Scholars have different theories about how scatting truly began. Some suggest it arose from instrumentalists like Armstrong formulating riffs vocally. Others look to African musical traditions where voices and instruments are closely interwoven. In some West African music, drum rhythms are converted into vocal melodies. However, the presence of free improvisation in early recordings suggests it may have evolved independently in the United States. Regardless of its exact origin, scatting remains a powerful tool for musical discovery.