Some stories are about space wars. 
Some stories are about wars in the future. 

Military science fiction is a type of story. 

Some writers use real history to build their worlds. They might swap old tanks for new machines. 
This kind of story can be a book or a movie. You can even find them in video games. Some stories are like Westerns in space. They might have cowboys or frontier towns. These stories show how humans adapt to new worlds. They explore how people deal with change and struggle.
Military science fiction is a special kind of story. 

Many stories use high-tech tools to move the plot forward. Authors might describe new spaceships or advanced weapons in great detail. Sometimes, the technology is much better than what we have today. Other times, the tools are similar to what soldiers use now. 
This type of writing has a long history. It began with "future war" stories in the late 1800s. One early story was "The Battle of Dorking" from 1871. 
Real events on Earth have often shaped these stories. For example, the Vietnam War had a big impact on writers. Some authors were veterans who had seen combat themselves. 
These stories can also feel like other kinds of tales. Some are like "space operas," which focus on big adventures and drama. Others feel like "space Westerns." 
Military science fiction is a specialized subgenre of science fiction and military fiction. 
A typical work in this genre provides a detailed description of conflict. It explores the belligerents, which are the groups or sides fighting. These may include humans or extraterrestrials. Authors describe specific tactics and the weapons used in battle. They also examine the role of military services and individual soldiers. Many stories use features of real Earth conflicts as a base. They might replace countries with planets or galaxies. In these settings, battleships become space battleships. Small arms and artillery are replaced by lasers. Soldiers are often reimagined as space marines.
There are several ways these stories handle technology and themes. In some works, technology is highly advanced and described in great detail. The use of a new weapon or spaceship might even drive the plot forward. In other stories, technology remains fairly static. These stories might use weapons similar to those used by modern soldiers. Instead of focusing on machines, these authors might explore military cultures or social changes. For example, some stories depict women as equal or preferred partners in combat roles. Some works also explore the growth or decline of galaxy-spanning empires. These empires might have a capital on a "core world" near a supermassive black hole. 
The history of this genre stretches back to the 19th century. Early precursors include "future war" stories like George Chesney's "The Battle of Dorking" from 1871. This story featured a futuristic wonder-weapon that destroyed a navy. H.G. Wells also contributed with "The Land Ironclads." This work described armored fighting vehicles that carried soldiers and engineers. As science fiction became its own established genre, military science fiction grew. Robert Heinlein's 1959 novel "Starship Troopers" is a major example. Along with works by Gordon Dickson, it helped popularize the genre among young readers. 
Real-world history has deeply influenced how these stories are written. The Vietnam War caused a polarization within the science fiction community. In 1968, some authors published pro-war lists while others published anti-war lists. This era also produced many veterans who chose to write science fiction. Authors like Joe Haldeman and David Drake used their combat experience to add realism. Haldeman's "The Forever War," published between 1972 and 1975, is a notable work. David Drake's "Hammer's Slammers" series helped start a fashion for stories about mercenaries. These authors explored how human suffering and progress affect military doctrine.
Military science fiction can sometimes overlap with other subgenres. It is often compared to "space opera," which focuses on large-scale adventures and melodrama. While space operas feature civilian or paramilitary protagonists, military science fiction focuses on warfare and technical details. Some works are also called "military space opera." 
Authors use various scientific concepts to make their worlds feel plausible. Some writers, like Larry Niven, create conflicts based on the colonization of the asteroid belt. They use the laws of physics as we currently understand them. Other authors, such as Joe Haldeman and Alastair Reynolds, examine the consequences of interstellar travel. They look at the long spans of time required to travel between stars. This might involve traveling at relativistic speeds. Some writers even posit faster-than-light travel to make interstellar war possible. These scientific details help ground the extraordinary themes of the genre. 
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